Key term
AQA GCSE Biology 8461
Bioenergetics
Cell Biology
Topic overviewEukaryotes and prokaryotesAnimal and plant cellsCell specialisation and differentiationMicroscopyGrowing bacteria and aseptic techniqueCalculating bacterial growth, and testing antiseptics and antibioticsChromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycleStem cells in embryos, adults and meristemsTherapeutic cloning, its risks, and cloning plantsDiffusion and the factors affecting its rateSurface area to volume ratio and exchange surfacesOsmosisActive transport
Ecology
Topic overviewLevels of organisation in an ecosystem, and what organisms needCompetition, interdependence and stable communitiesAbiotic factorsBiotic factorsAdaptationsProducers, food chains and sampling with quadrats and transectsPredators, prey and measuring population sizeHow materials are cycledDecompositionWaste management and biodiversityLand use, deforestation and global warmingMaintaining biodiversityTrophic levels and pyramids of biomassTransfer of biomassFactors affecting food securityFarming techniques and sustainable fisheriesRole of biotechnologyImpact of environmental change
Homeostasis and Response
Topic overviewHomeostasisThe nervous system and the reflex arcThe structure of the eye and accommodationMyopia, hyperopia and how they are correctedThe brain and the control of body temperatureHuman endocrine systemInsulin, glucagon and diabetesWater and ion loss, and the production of ureaThe kidneys, ADH and treating kidney failureHormones in human reproductionContraceptionThe use of hormones to treat infertilityNegative feedbackPlant hormones and their uses
Infection and Response
Topic overviewCommunicable (infectious) diseasesViral diseasesBacterial diseasesFungal and protist diseasesHuman defence systemsVaccinationAntibiotics and painkillersDiscovery and development of drugsProducing monoclonal antibodiesUses of monoclonal antibodiesDetection and identification of plant diseasesPlant defence responses
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Topic overviewSexual and asexual reproductionMeiosisAdvantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproductionDNA and the genomeDNA as a polymer of four nucleotidesProtein synthesis and complementary base pairingMutations, protein shape and non-coding DNAGenetic terms, dominant and recessive allelesPunnett squares, probability and genetic crossesInherited disorders and sex determinationVariationEvolutionSelective breedingWhat genetic engineering is, and what it is used forGM crops, their risks, and the steps of the processCloningDarwin, Lamarck and the acceptance of evolutionSpeciationThe understanding of geneticsEvidence for evolution, and extinctionFossilsResistant bacteriaClassification of living organisms
Organisation
Topic overviewLevels of organisation, and how enzymes workAmylase, proteases and lipasesBile, food tests and the effect of pH on amylaseThe heart, the lungs and double circulationThe pacemaker, the blood vessels and the bloodCoronary heart disease: a non-communicable diseaseHealth issuesRisk factors and causal mechanisms in diseaseSampling, correlation and interpreting risk dataCancerPlant tissues, and transpiration and its rateRoot hair cells, xylem, phloem and stomata
Ecology
Impact of environmental change
- 2 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Temperature, water and atmospheric gases as changes that shift where a species lives, their seasonal, geographic and human causes, and evaluating a warmed river and city lichens.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Explain how a long-term fall in rainfall could change the distribution of trees in a region.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name three environmental changes that can alter where a species is found.
Model answer
Temperature, the availability of water, and the composition of the gases in the atmosphere.
- 2
Explain how a rise in average temperature could change where a butterfly species is found.
Model answer
Its range shifts north or to higher ground, because the areas it used to live in become too warm for it.
- 3
Explain how a long-term fall in rainfall could change the distribution of trees in a region.
Model answer
Trees needing damp soil die back at the drier edges of their range, so they are found only where enough water remains.
- 4
Explain how a change in the gases in the atmosphere can change the distribution of a species.
Model answer
Gases such as sulfur dioxide kill sensitive species like lichens, so those species disappear from the polluted areas.
- 5
Name three causes of the environmental changes that alter the distribution of species.
Model answer
Seasonal changes, geographic differences and human interaction.
- 6
Give an example of a seasonal change in the distribution of a species.
Model answer
Swallows migrate away in autumn and return in spring, so they are found in the area only in summer.
Other ways to work this
The same content, four other ways.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Every question in Ecology, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.