Key term
OCR A-Level Physics A H556
Practical Skills in the Written Papers
The Practical Endorsement
Topic overviewAnalogue and digital measuring instrumentsImproving accuracy with repeat timing, fiducial markers and plumb linesTiming, calipers and micrometersConstructing and testing circuitsSignal generators and oscilloscopesGenerating and measuring wavesData loggers, modelling software and ionising radiation
Physical Quantities and Units
Making Measurements and Analysing Data
Nature of Quantities
Motion
Forces in Action
Work, Energy and Power
Materials
Newton’s Laws of Motion and Momentum
Charge and Current
Energy, Power and Resistance
Electrical Circuits
Waves
Topic overviewProgressive waves and their propertiesThe wave equationReflection, refraction and diffractionWave graphs and intensityThe electromagnetic spectrumPolarisationRefraction and refractive indexCritical angle and total internal reflectionThe principle of superpositionInterference, coherence and path differenceTwo-source interference, Young's double-slit experiment and the diffraction gratingForming stationary wavesStationary waves on strings and in air columnsMeasuring the speed of soundNode spacing, amplitude and phase in stationary wavesHarmonics and the fundamental mode
Quantum Physics
Thermal Physics
Topic overviewThermal equilibrium and absolute temperatureThe kinetic model of solids, liquids and gasesBrownian motion and internal energySpecific heat capacityMeasuring specific heat capacitySpecific latent heatMeasuring specific latent heatMoles, the Avogadro constant and kinetic theoryGas laws, the ideal gas equation and r.m.s. speedMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution, Boltzmann constant and internal energy
Oscillations
Gravitational Fields
Astrophysics and Cosmology
Topic overviewThe solar system and the birth of a starThe death of a low-mass starSupernovae, neutron stars and black holesThe Hertzsprung-Russell diagramEnergy levels and emission spectraAbsorption spectra and spectral linesPhoton energy and the diffraction gratingWien's law and Stefan's lawAstronomical distances, parallax and the cosmological principleDoppler shift and Hubble's lawThe expanding universe and the Big BangEvidence for the Big Bang and dark energy
Capacitors
Topic overviewCapacitance and charging a capacitorCapacitors in seriesCapacitors in parallel and combined circuitsEnergy stored by a capacitorCharging and discharging through a resistorInvestigating capacitor dischargeThe time constantIterative modelling, exponential decay and the constant-ratio property
Electric Fields
Electromagnetism
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Topic overviewAlpha-particle scattering and the nuclear modelProton number, nucleon number and isotopesThe strong nuclear force and nuclear radiusParticles, antiparticles and hadronsLeptons and the quark modelQuark composition and chargesBeta decay in the quark modelRadioactive decay and the three radiationsNuclear decay equationsActivity, decay constant and half-lifeExponential decay and radioactive datingMass-energy equivalenceAnnihilation, mass defect and binding energyBinding energy per nucleon and induced fissionThe fission reactor and nuclear wasteNuclear fusion and balancing nuclear equations
Nuclear and Particle Physics
The fission reactor and nuclear waste
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1, 2 and 3
Overview
Recall questions on fuel rods, control rods, moderators, nuclear waste and its environmental risks, and the decisions involved in building nuclear power stations.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Evaluation
What does nuclear waste consist of?
Key term
What fissile materials are typically contained in the fuel rods of a fission reactor?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the function of control rods in a nuclear fission reactor?
Model answer
They absorb neutrons to regulate the rate of the chain reaction; they can be inserted or withdrawn to control reactor power.
- 2
What fissile materials are typically contained in the fuel rods of a fission reactor?
Model answer
Enriched uranium-235 or plutonium-239.
- 3
How do control rods regulate reactor power?
Model answer
By being inserted to absorb more neutrons and slow the reaction, or withdrawn to absorb fewer neutrons and increase the reaction rate.
- 4
What materials are typically used to make control rods, and why?
Model answer
Boron or cadmium, because they have high neutron absorption cross-sections.
- 5
What is the function of a moderator in a nuclear reactor?
Model answer
To slow down fast neutrons to thermal speeds, increasing the probability of inducing fission in uranium-235.
- 6
Name three common moderator materials used in nuclear reactors.
Model answer
Water, heavy water, and graphite.
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