Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atom
- 1 thing to know
- Chemistry Paper 1
Overview
Chadwick's evidence for the neutron and where it sits, why the scattering experiment forced a new model, how the nuclear model differs from the plum pudding model, and the fixed energy levels of electrons.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Whose experimental work provided the evidence for neutrons?
Model answer
The work of James Chadwick.
- 2
Which particle did Chadwick show exists inside the nucleus?
Model answer
The neutron.
- 3
Roughly how long after the nucleus was accepted was the neutron shown to exist?
Model answer
About 20 years afterwards.
- 4
Where in the atom are neutrons found?
Model answer
In the nucleus, alongside the protons.
- 5
Explain why the scattering experiment forced a change in the model of the atom.
Model answer
Its results could not be explained by a ball of positive charge with electrons in it, so a model with mass and positive charge concentrated in a tiny nucleus was needed.
- 6
Which feature of the earlier model did the scattering results disprove?
Model answer
That positive charge and mass are spread evenly throughout the whole atom.
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