Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Ionic bonding
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 1
Overview
Electron transfer from metal atoms to non-metal atoms, why metals form positive ions and non-metals negative ions, noble gas electronic structures, dot and cross diagrams for sodium chloride, magnesium oxide and calcium chloride, and working out ionic charges from group numbers.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Describe what happens to the electrons when sodium reacts with chlorine.
Key term
In a dot and cross diagram of sodium chloride, how many outer electrons are shown around the sodium ion?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal atom, what happens to the electrons in the outer shell of the metal atom?
Model answer
They are transferred to the non-metal atom.
- 2
Why do metal atoms form positively charged ions?
Model answer
They lose outer electrons, so they are left with more protons than electrons.
- 3
Why do non-metal atoms form negatively charged ions?
Model answer
They gain electrons, so they have more electrons than protons.
- 4
What electronic structure do the ions of Group 1 and Group 2 metals have?
Model answer
The electronic structure of a noble gas.
- 5
Describe what happens to the electrons when sodium reacts with chlorine.
Model answer
Each sodium atom transfers its single outer electron to a chlorine atom, forming Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
- 6
How many electrons does a magnesium atom lose when it forms an ion?
Model answer
Two.
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