Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Graphene and fullerenes
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 1
Overview
Graphene as a single layer of graphite, its uses and why it conducts electricity and is strong, fullerenes as hollow carbon molecules built from rings, Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀, carbon nanotubes and their uses, recognising graphene and fullerenes from descriptions, and fullerenes delivering drugs.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Give two areas in which graphene is useful.
Key term
Explain why graphene conducts electricity.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is graphene?
Model answer
A single layer of graphite, one atom thick.
- 2
Give two areas in which graphene is useful.
Model answer
Electronics and composite materials.
- 3
Why is graphene added to composite materials?
Model answer
It is extremely strong for its very small mass, so it strengthens the material without adding much weight.
- 4
Explain why graphene conducts electricity.
Model answer
Each carbon atom bonds to three others, leaving one delocalised electron per atom that is free to move through the layer.
- 5
Explain why graphene is very strong.
Model answer
Its carbon atoms are joined by strong covalent bonds in a continuous network of hexagonal rings.
- 6
What is a fullerene?
Model answer
A molecule of carbon atoms with a hollow shape.
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