Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Organic Chemistry
Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 2
Overview
Crude oil as a finite resource formed from ancient plankton, hydrocarbons and why crude oil is a mixture, the alkanes and their general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, the molecular formulae of methane, ethane, propane and butane, and what molecular and displayed formulae show.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Where is crude oil found today?
Key term
What is a hydrocarbon?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is crude oil formed from?
Model answer
Crude oil formed from the remains of an ancient biomass, mainly plankton, that was buried in mud.
- 2
Where is crude oil found today?
Model answer
Crude oil is found trapped in rocks underground.
- 3
Explain why crude oil is described as a finite resource.
Model answer
It took many millions of years to form and is being used far faster than it is replaced, so supplies will eventually run out.
- 4
Which organisms made up most of the ancient biomass that became crude oil?
Model answer
Plankton.
- 5
What is a hydrocarbon?
Model answer
A hydrocarbon is a molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
- 6
Explain why crude oil is classed as a mixture and not as a compound.
Model answer
It contains a very large number of different compounds that are not chemically bonded to one another.
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