Why are the consequences of global climate change described as potential effects rather than certainties?

They are predictions made using simplified models, so each one has a chance of happening rather than being certain.

Describe four potential effects of global climate change.

Rising sea levels, more frequent or severe extreme weather, changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, and changes in the distribution of wild species.

Explain why sea levels rise as average global temperature increases.

Ice on land melts and adds water to the oceans, and sea water expands as it warms.

AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Topic overview Atoms, elements and compounds Word equations, symbols and balanced equations Mixtures From the plum pudding model to the nuclear model Bohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atom Relative electrical charges of subatomic particles Size and mass of atoms Relative atomic mass and electronic structure The periodic table Development of the periodic table Metals and non-metals Group 0 Group 1 Group 7

Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter

Topic overview Chemical bonds, including metallic bonding Ionic bonding Ionic compounds Covalent bonding and how it is represented The three states of matter and changes of state Predicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle model Properties of ionic compounds Properties of small molecules Polymers and giant covalent structures Properties of metals and alloys, and why metals conduct Diamond and graphite Graphene and fullerenes

Chemical Analysis

Topic overview Pure substances Formulations Chromatography Tests for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine

Chemical Changes

Topic overview The reactivity series Metal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electrons Acids reacting with metals, neutralisation and salts Soluble salts The pH scale and neutralisation Strong and weak acids The process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compounds Using electrolysis to extract metals Electrolysis of aqueous solutions Representation of reactions at electrodes as half equations

Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Topic overview The Earth's early atmosphere How oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreased The gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gases Human activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Global climate change and carbon footprints Atmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects

Energy Changes

Topic overview Exothermic and endothermic reactions Everyday uses, and investigating temperature change Reaction profiles The energy change of reactions

Organic Chemistry

Topic overview Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes Fractional distillation and petrochemicals Properties of hydrocarbons Cracking, and testing alkenes with bromine water Why cracking is useful, and equations for it

Quantitative Chemistry

Topic overview Conservation of mass and balanced chemical equations Relative formula mass and concentration of solutions Mass changes when a gas is involved, and measurement uncertainty Moles Amounts of substances in equations, and balancing using moles Limiting reactants

The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change

Topic overview Measuring the mean rate of a reaction Rate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangent Factors which affect the rates of chemical reactions Collision theory and activation energy Catalysts Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium The effect of changing conditions on equilibrium The effect of changing concentration The effect of temperature changes on equilibrium The effect of pressure changes on equilibrium

Using Resources

Topic overview Using the Earth's resources and sustainable development Producing potable water in the UK Desalination, and analysing water samples Waste water treatment Alternative methods of extracting metals Life cycle assessment Ways of reducing the use of resources

Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Global climate change and carbon footprints

3 things to know
Chemistry Paper 2

Overview

Rising average global temperature and how more greenhouse gases cause it, potential effects on sea levels, extreme weather, rainfall and wild species, what a carbon footprint is and how it is reduced, carbon capture and storage, cutting methane emissions, and why action may be limited.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is a major cause of climate change?

Key term

Explain how increasing greenhouse gases leads to climate change.

Key term

What two things should be weighed up when judging how serious a predicted effect of climate change is?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is a major cause of climate change?
Model answer
An increase in the average global temperature.
2
Explain how increasing greenhouse gases leads to climate change.
Model answer
More greenhouse gas absorbs more of the long wavelength radiation leaving the Earth, so the average global temperature rises and the climate changes.
3
Why are the consequences of global climate change described as potential effects rather than certainties?
Model answer
They are predictions made using simplified models, so each one has a chance of happening rather than being certain.
4
What two things should be weighed up when judging how serious a predicted effect of climate change is?
Model answer
How large the effect would be and how likely it is to happen.
5
Describe four potential effects of global climate change.
Model answer
Rising sea levels, more frequent or severe extreme weather, changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, and changes in the distribution of wild species.
6
Explain why sea levels rise as average global temperature increases.
Model answer
Ice on land melts and adds water to the oceans, and sea water expands as it warms.

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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter

Chemical Analysis

Chemical Changes

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AMolecular size controls boiling point, viscosity and flammability.

BSmall molecules make gases and petrol that ignite easily.

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Base means any substance that neutralises an acid.

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