Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Chemical Changes
The pH scale and neutralisation
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 1
Overview
Hydrogen ions in acids and hydroxide ions in alkalis, aqueous solutions, the pH scale from 0 to 14 measured with universal indicator or a pH probe, acidic, neutral and alkaline values, and neutralisation as hydrogen ions reacting with hydroxide ions to form water, with its ionic equation.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What does it mean to describe a solution as aqueous?
Key term
Which ion is present in every aqueous solution of an alkali?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which ion do all acids produce when they dissolve in water?
Model answer
Hydrogen ions, H⁺.
- 2
What does it mean to describe a solution as aqueous?
Model answer
The substance is dissolved in water.
- 3
What happens to hydrogen chloride when it dissolves in water?
Model answer
It releases hydrogen ions into the solution, which makes the solution acidic.
- 4
Which ion is present in every aqueous solution of an alkali?
Model answer
The hydroxide ion, OH⁻.
- 5
Name the two ions present in sodium hydroxide solution.
Model answer
Sodium ions, Na⁺, and hydroxide ions, OH⁻.
- 6
Explain why limewater turns universal indicator blue.
Model answer
It contains hydroxide ions from dissolved calcium hydroxide, so the solution is alkaline.
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