Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Using Resources
Ways of reducing the use of resources
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 2
Overview
Reducing, reusing and recycling to cut the use of limited resources and energy, materials made from limited raw materials such as metals, glass, clay ceramics and plastics, the impacts of quarrying and mining, the difference between reuse and recycling, and how glass, metals, steel and aluminium are recycled.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Explain why making a plastic product uses limited resources twice over.
Key term
What is the difference between reusing and recycling a product?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the three ways in which end users can cut the use of limited resources.
Model answer
Reducing the amount they use, reusing products, and recycling materials.
- 2
State two benefits of reuse and recycling besides saving raw materials.
Model answer
They reduce the use of energy sources and cut the amount of waste and environmental damage.
- 3
Explain why using less of a material is better than recycling it.
Model answer
Recycling still uses energy and creates some waste, whereas not using the material avoids all of that.
- 4
Name four kinds of material that are produced from limited raw materials.
Model answer
Metals, glass, building materials and clay ceramics, along with most plastics.
- 5
From which limited raw material are most plastics produced?
Model answer
Crude oil.
- 6
Explain why making a plastic product uses limited resources twice over.
Model answer
The raw material comes from crude oil and much of the energy for the process also comes from limited resources.
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