Key term
AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry 8464
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewAtoms, elements and compoundsWord equations, symbols and balanced equationsMixturesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelBohr, Chadwick and the modern model of the atomRelative electrical charges of subatomic particlesSize and mass of atomsRelative atomic mass and electronic structureThe periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 0Group 1Group 7
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
Topic overviewChemical bonds, including metallic bondingIonic bondingIonic compoundsCovalent bonding and how it is representedThe three states of matter and changes of statePredicting state, state symbols, and the limits of the particle modelProperties of ionic compoundsProperties of small moleculesPolymers and giant covalent structuresProperties of metals and alloys, and why metals conductDiamond and graphiteGraphene and fullerenes
Chemical Analysis
Chemical Changes
Topic overviewThe reactivity seriesMetal oxides, extraction, and redox in terms of electronsAcids reacting with metals, neutralisation and saltsSoluble saltsThe pH scale and neutralisationStrong and weak acidsThe process of electrolysis, and molten ionic compoundsUsing electrolysis to extract metalsElectrolysis of aqueous solutionsRepresentation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Topic overviewThe Earth's early atmosphereHow oxygen increased and carbon dioxide decreasedThe gases in today's atmosphere, and which are greenhouse gasesHuman activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphereGlobal climate change and carbon footprintsAtmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
Energy Changes
Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Topic overviewMeasuring the mean rate of a reactionRate from graphs, and the gradient of a tangentFactors which affect the rates of chemical reactionsCollision theory and activation energyCatalystsReversible reactions and dynamic equilibriumThe effect of changing conditions on equilibriumThe effect of changing concentrationThe effect of temperature changes on equilibriumThe effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Atmospheric pollutants from fuels, and their effects
- 3 things to know
- Chemistry Paper 2
Overview
Combustion of fuels as a major source of pollutants, the products of complete combustion, how carbon monoxide, soot, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen form, the toxicity of carbon monoxide, acid rain and respiratory problems, global dimming and lung damage from particulates, and weighing hazards against benefits and perceived against measured risk.
What you need to know
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Key term
What is a major source of atmospheric pollutants?
Key term
Which elements are present in most fuels, including coal?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a major source of atmospheric pollutants?
Model answer
The combustion of fuels.
- 2
Which elements are present in most fuels, including coal?
Model answer
Carbon and hydrogen, and some fuels also contain sulfur as an impurity.
- 3
Name the two substances formed when a hydrocarbon fuel burns completely.
Model answer
Carbon dioxide and water vapour.
- 4
Name three pollutant gases that may be released when a fuel is burned.
Model answer
Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
- 5
What are particulates, and what are they formed from?
Model answer
They are tiny solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, formed from solid carbon particles and unburned hydrocarbons released when a fuel burns.
- 6
Which pollutants of combustion come from the fuel itself, and which come from the air?
Model answer
Carbon monoxide, soot and sulfur dioxide come from the fuel, while oxides of nitrogen come from nitrogen and oxygen in the air.
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