Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over APressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floatingAtmospheric pressureResolving forces and free body diagramsDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quicklyMomentum and its conservationChanges in momentum
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Topic overviewPoles of a magnetMagnetic fields around a magnetThe compass, and plotting a magnetic fieldElectromagnetismFleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakersInduced potentialThe generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphonesThe structure of a transformer and the turns ratioTransformer power, and using the transformer equations
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesSound wavesUltrasound, echo sounding and seismic wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Atomic Structure
Background radiation
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Background radiation and why it cannot be escaped, its natural and man-made sources, why rocks, where a person lives and occupations such as flying change the dose received, radiation dose measured in sieverts and millisieverts, and converting and comparing doses.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Name two man-made sources of background radiation.
Key term
Explain why rocks contribute to background radiation.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is background radiation?
Model answer
It is the low-level radiation that is around us all of the time.
- 2
Is there anywhere a person can go to escape background radiation altogether?
Model answer
No, background radiation is present everywhere all of the time, although its level varies from place to place.
- 3
A detector records 30 counts per minute in a laboratory with no source present. What does this reading represent?
Model answer
It is the background radiation at that place.
- 4
Name two natural sources of background radiation.
Model answer
Rocks, and cosmic rays reaching us from space.
- 5
Name two man-made sources of background radiation.
Model answer
Fallout from the testing of nuclear weapons, and material released by nuclear accidents.
- 6
Explain why rocks contribute to background radiation.
Model answer
Some rocks contain naturally occurring radioactive isotopes, which decay and give out radiation.
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