Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over APressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floatingAtmospheric pressureResolving forces and free body diagramsDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quicklyMomentum and its conservationChanges in momentum
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Topic overviewPoles of a magnetMagnetic fields around a magnetThe compass, and plotting a magnetic fieldElectromagnetismFleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakersInduced potentialThe generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphonesThe structure of a transformer and the turns ratioTransformer power, and using the transformer equations
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesSound wavesUltrasound, echo sounding and seismic wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Particle Model of Matter
Pressure in gases, and increasing the pressure of a gas
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
What a change in pressure does to a gas, why pressure and volume move opposite ways at constant temperature, calculating with pV = constant, and how doing work on a gas raises its internal energy.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Use the particle model to explain why increasing the volume of a gas at constant temperature lowers its pressure.
Key term
Explain why squeezing a gas into a smaller volume at constant temperature raises its pressure.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State the two things a change in pressure can do to a gas.
Model answer
It can compress the gas into a smaller volume or allow it to expand into a larger one.
- 2
In which direction does the force produced by the pressure of a gas act on the wall of its container?
Model answer
At right angles to the surface of the wall.
- 3
Use the particle model to explain why increasing the volume of a gas at constant temperature lowers its pressure.
Model answer
The same molecules are spread through a larger space, so they strike each unit of wall area less often and the pressure falls.
- 4
Explain why squeezing a gas into a smaller volume at constant temperature raises its pressure.
Model answer
The molecules hit the walls more often in the smaller space, so the force on each unit of area is greater.
- 5
Under what two conditions does the relationship pressure × volume = constant hold?
Model answer
For a fixed mass of gas kept at a constant temperature.
- 6
State the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature.
Model answer
Pressure × volume stays constant, so if one of them doubles the other halves.
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