Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over APressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floatingAtmospheric pressureResolving forces and free body diagramsDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quicklyMomentum and its conservationChanges in momentum
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Topic overviewPoles of a magnetMagnetic fields around a magnetThe compass, and plotting a magnetic fieldElectromagnetismFleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakersInduced potentialThe generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphonesThe structure of a transformer and the turns ratioTransformer power, and using the transformer equations
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesSound wavesUltrasound, echo sounding and seismic wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Forces
Moments, levers and gears
- 2 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Turning effects and how a spanner turns a nut, the moment of a force in words and symbols with its units and the perpendicular distance, why a force through the pivot has no turning effect, balancing about a pivot with seesaw and beam calculations, and how levers and gears transmit the rotational effects of forces.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
A force of 20 N acts at a perpendicular distance of 0.30 m from a pivot. Calculate the moment.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What can a force or a system of forces make an object do as well as move in a straight line?
Model answer
It can make the object rotate.
- 2
Explain how a spanner makes a nut turn.
Model answer
The force applied at the end of the spanner acts at a distance from the nut, so it produces a turning effect about the nut.
- 3
What is the moment of a force?
Model answer
It is the turning effect of that force.
- 4
State the equation for the moment of a force, in words.
Model answer
Moment of a force = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.
- 5
A force of 20 N acts at a perpendicular distance of 0.30 m from a pivot. Calculate the moment.
Model answer
Moment = 20 × 0.30 = 6 N·m.
- 6
Write the equation for the moment of a force using symbols.
Model answer
M = Fd, where M is the moment, F is the force and d is the perpendicular distance from the pivot.
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