AQA GCSE Physics 8463

Atomic Structure

Topic overview The structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes From the plum pudding model to the nuclear model Chadwick, the neutron, and comparing the models Radioactive decay and nuclear radiation Nuclear equations Half-lives and the random nature of radioactive decay Radioactive contamination Background radiation Uses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazard Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

Electricity

Topic overview Circuit symbols, electrical charge and current Current, resistance and potential difference Ohmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistors Light-dependent resistors, and investigating resistance Current and potential difference in series and parallel Constructing circuits, and calculating in series circuits Direct and alternating potential difference, and mains electricity Power and efficiency Appliances, and the energy transferred by electrical work Power, and the power ratings of domestic appliances The National Grid Static charge Electric fields

Energy

Topic overview Energy stores and systems Kinetic energy Elastic and gravitational potential energy Energy changes in systems Power Energy transfers in a system The main energy resources, renewable and non-renewable Environmental impact and trends in energy use

Forces

Topic overview Scalars, vectors, forces and the resultant force Gravity Work done and energy transfer Stretching, compressing, and the spring constant Linear and non-linear extension, and work done on a spring Moments, levers and gears Pressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over A Pressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floating Atmospheric pressure Resolving forces and free body diagrams Distance, displacement and speed The speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equation Velocity and the distance-time relationship Acceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphs Area under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equation Newton's First Law Newton's Second and Third Laws Stopping distance and reaction time Factors affecting braking distance Braking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quickly Momentum and its conservation Changes in momentum

Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Topic overview Poles of a magnet Magnetic fields around a magnet The compass, and plotting a magnetic field Electromagnetism Fleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakers Induced potential The generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphones The structure of a transformer and the turns ratio Transformer power, and using the transformer equations

Particle Model of Matter

Topic overview Density of materials Changes of state and internal energy Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity Changes of state and specific latent heat Particle motion in gases Pressure in gases, and increasing the pressure of a gas

Space Physics

Topic overview Our solar system, and the orbits of satellites The life cycle of a star Red-shift

Waves

Topic overview Transverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equation Wave properties, and refraction at a boundary Reflection of waves Sound waves Ultrasound, echo sounding and seismic waves Types and uses of electromagnetic waves Radio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays Lenses Visible light Emission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies

Forces

Atmospheric pressure

2 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

The atmosphere and how its density falls with altitude, what causes atmospheric pressure and why it decreases with height, pressurised aircraft cabins, a simple model of the atmosphere, a sealed bottle crushed on the way down a mountain, and why a suction cup stays on a window.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Where in the atmosphere is the air most dense?

Key term

What causes atmospheric pressure on a surface?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Describe what the atmosphere is.
Model answer
It is a layer of air around the Earth that is thin compared with the size of the Earth itself.
2
How does the density of the atmosphere change with increasing altitude?
Model answer
It gets less dense as altitude increases.
3
Where in the atmosphere is the air most dense?
Model answer
Closest to the surface of the Earth.
4
What causes atmospheric pressure on a surface?
Model answer
Air molecules colliding with that surface.
5
How does the weight of air above a surface change as the surface is raised higher above the ground?
Model answer
It decreases, because there are fewer air molecules above the surface.
6
Explain why aircraft cabins have to be pressurised when flying at high altitude.
Model answer
Atmospheric pressure at that height is too low for passengers to breathe comfortably.

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Atomic Structure

Electricity

Energy

Forces

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A wave.

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AA cloud of dust and gas in space.

BThe force of gravity pulls the material together.

CThe material is pulled together tightly enough for nuclei to fuse.

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Moon means a natural body orbiting a planet.

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