Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over APressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floatingAtmospheric pressureResolving forces and free body diagramsDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quicklyMomentum and its conservationChanges in momentum
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Topic overviewPoles of a magnetMagnetic fields around a magnetThe compass, and plotting a magnetic fieldElectromagnetismFleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakersInduced potentialThe generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphonesThe structure of a transformer and the turns ratioTransformer power, and using the transformer equations
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesSound wavesUltrasound, echo sounding and seismic wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Forces
Velocity and the distance-time relationship
- 2 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Velocity as speed in a given direction and how it differs from speed, sorting scalars and vectors, changing velocity at constant speed in circular motion, distance–time graphs and finding speed from their gradient, a horizontal line for a stationary object, a curve for an accelerating one, and finding speed at an instant from a curved graph.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is meant by the velocity of an object?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is meant by the velocity of an object?
Model answer
Velocity is the speed of an object in a stated direction.
- 2
Why is velocity classed as a vector quantity?
Model answer
Velocity has both a size and a direction.
- 3
Two cars travel along the same straight road at 20 m/s but in opposite directions. Do they have the same velocity?
Model answer
No, their speeds are equal but their directions differ, so their velocities are different.
- 4
Explain the difference between speed and velocity.
Model answer
Speed states only how fast something moves, whereas velocity also states the direction of travel.
- 5
Which of distance and displacement is a vector, and why?
Model answer
Displacement is the vector, because it states a direction as well as a size, while distance does not.
- 6
Sort distance, displacement, speed and velocity into scalars and vectors.
Model answer
Distance and speed are scalars; displacement and velocity are vectors.
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