Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over APressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floatingAtmospheric pressureResolving forces and free body diagramsDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quicklyMomentum and its conservationChanges in momentum
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Topic overviewPoles of a magnetMagnetic fields around a magnetThe compass, and plotting a magnetic fieldElectromagnetismFleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakersInduced potentialThe generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphonesThe structure of a transformer and the turns ratioTransformer power, and using the transformer equations
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesSound wavesUltrasound, echo sounding and seismic wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Space Physics
The life cycle of a star
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The life cycle of a star and what decides it, the nebula and protostar stages every star passes through, the main sequence, the red giant, white dwarf and black dwarf of a Sun-sized star, the red super giant, supernova, neutron star or black hole of a massive star, and how fusion and supernovae make and spread the elements.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
Which two groups are stars divided into by mass, and what stages does every star go through first?
Process
What determines the stages a star will pass through in its life cycle?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State what is meant by the life cycle of a star.
Model answer
It is the sequence of stages a star passes through from its formation to its end.
- 2
What determines the stages a star will pass through in its life cycle?
Model answer
The size, or mass, of the star.
- 3
Which two groups are stars sorted into when their life cycles are described?
Model answer
Stars about the size of the Sun, and stars much more massive than the Sun.
- 4
What are the first stages that every star passes through, whatever its mass?
Model answer
A cloud of dust and gas collapses to form a protostar, which then becomes a main sequence star.
- 5
What is a protostar?
Model answer
A ball of dust and gas still collapsing under gravity, before stable fusion has begun.
- 6
What is a star called during the long, stable stage of its life?
Model answer
A main sequence star.
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