Key term
AQA GCSE Physics 8463
Atomic Structure
Topic overviewThe structure of an atomMass number, atomic number and isotopesFrom the plum pudding model to the nuclear modelChadwick, the neutron, and comparing the modelsRadioactive decay and nuclear radiationNuclear equationsHalf-lives and the random nature of radioactive decayRadioactive contaminationBackground radiationUses of nuclear radiation, and how half-life affects hazardNuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Electricity
Topic overviewCircuit symbols, electrical charge and currentCurrent, resistance and potential differenceOhmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes and thermistorsLight-dependent resistors, and investigating resistanceCurrent and potential difference in series and parallelConstructing circuits, and calculating in series circuitsDirect and alternating potential difference, and mains electricityPower and efficiencyAppliances, and the energy transferred by electrical workPower, and the power ratings of domestic appliancesThe National GridStatic chargeElectric fields
Energy
Forces
Topic overviewScalars, vectors, forces and the resultant forceGravityWork done and energy transferStretching, compressing, and the spring constantLinear and non-linear extension, and work done on a springMoments, levers and gearsPressure at a surface, and the equation p = F over APressure in a column of liquid, upthrust and floatingAtmospheric pressureResolving forces and free body diagramsDistance, displacement and speedThe speed of sound, and the distance-speed-time equationVelocity and the distance-time relationshipAcceleration, deceleration and velocity-time graphsArea under a velocity-time graph, and the uniform acceleration equationNewton's First LawNewton's Second and Third LawsStopping distance and reaction timeFactors affecting braking distanceBraking force, deceleration and the dangers of stopping quicklyMomentum and its conservationChanges in momentum
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Topic overviewPoles of a magnetMagnetic fields around a magnetThe compass, and plotting a magnetic fieldElectromagnetismFleming's left-hand rule, motors and loudspeakersInduced potentialThe generator effect, alternators, dynamos and microphonesThe structure of a transformer and the turns ratioTransformer power, and using the transformer equations
Particle Model of Matter
Space Physics
Waves
Topic overviewTransverse and longitudinal waves, and the wave equationWave properties, and refraction at a boundaryReflection of wavesSound wavesUltrasound, echo sounding and seismic wavesTypes and uses of electromagnetic wavesRadio waves, and the hazards of ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma raysLensesVisible lightEmission and absorption of infrared radiation, and black bodies
Atomic Structure
Chadwick, the neutron, and comparing the models
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Chadwick's evidence for the neutron, where it sits and why it was hard to detect, what the scattering results forced, and how the plum pudding and nuclear models differ.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Compare the charge and the mass of a neutron with those of a proton.
Key term
Which of the two early models describes the atom as being mostly empty space?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Whose experimental work provided the evidence for the existence of the neutron?
Model answer
James Chadwick.
- 2
Where in the atom did Chadwick's work show neutrons to be?
Model answer
Inside the nucleus.
- 3
Roughly how long after the nucleus became an accepted idea was the neutron shown to exist?
Model answer
About 20 years later.
- 4
Which of the three subatomic particles was the last to be discovered?
Model answer
The neutron.
- 5
Compare the charge and the mass of a neutron with those of a proton.
Model answer
A neutron carries no charge while a proton is positively charged, but the two particles have almost the same mass.
- 6
Suggest why the neutron was harder to detect than the proton or the electron.
Model answer
It carries no electrical charge, so it is not deflected by electric or magnetic fields and does not ionise material as it passes.
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