Key term
OCR A-Level Biology H420
Cell Structure
Biological Molecules
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Biological Membranes
Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation
Exchange Surfaces
Transport in Animals
Transport in Plants
Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention and the Immune System
Biodiversity
Classification and Evolution
Communication and Homeostasis
Excretion as an Example of Homeostatic Control
Neuronal Communication
Hormonal Communication
Plant and Animal Responses
Topic overviewTropisms and plant responses to stress and herbivoryPlant hormones and their commercial usesThe nervous system and the brainReflex actions and the knee jerk reflexFight or flight and the control of heart rateThe structure of skeletal muscleThe neuromuscular junction and the sliding filament model
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cellular Control
Patterns of Inheritance
Manipulating Genomes
Cloning and Biotechnology
Topic overviewNatural plant cloning and taking cuttingsMicropropagationAdvantages and disadvantages of plant cloningAnimal cloning: embryo twinning and nuclear transferAdvantages and disadvantages of animal cloningMicroorganisms in food productionAseptic techniqueFermentation and its conditionsThe microbial growth curveImmobilised enzymes
Ecosystems
Populations and Sustainability
Practical Skills and Mathematical Requirements
Biological Molecules
Monomers, polymers and the elements of life
- 1 thing to know
- Components 01, 02 and 03
Overview
Monomers and polymers, the condensation and hydrolysis reactions that join and break them, and the elements found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define the term monomer.
Model answer
A small, repeating molecular unit that can be joined together to form larger molecules called polymers.
- 2
Define the term polymer.
Model answer
A large molecule made up of many repeating monomer subunits joined by covalent bonds.
- 3
What happens during a condensation reaction?
Model answer
A molecule of water is removed and a covalent bond is formed between two monomers, joining them together.
- 4
What happens during a hydrolysis reaction?
Model answer
A molecule of water is added across the bond linking monomers, breaking the polymer into its monomer subunits.
- 5
Which chemical elements are found in carbohydrates?
Model answer
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- 6
Which chemical elements are found in lipids?
Model answer
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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