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Transport in Animals

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

  • 2 things to know
  • Components 01 and 03

Overview

The quaternary structure of haemoglobin and cooperative binding, and the three ways carbon dioxide travels, including carbonic anhydrase and the chloride shift.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase, and where is it found?

Process

Explain what is meant by cooperative binding in haemoglobin.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Describe the quaternary structure of haemoglobin.

    Model answer

    Haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide subunits.

  2. 2

    How many haem groups does a haemoglobin molecule contain?

    Model answer

    Four haem groups.

  3. 3

    What metal ion is found in each haem group of haemoglobin?

    Model answer

    Iron.

  4. 4

    How many oxygen molecules can one haemoglobin molecule carry, and why?

    Model answer

    Four oxygen molecules, because each of the four haem groups can reversibly bind one oxygen molecule.

  5. 5

    Explain what is meant by cooperative binding in haemoglobin.

    Model answer

    Binding of the first oxygen molecule causes a conformational change that increases the affinity of haemoglobin for subsequent oxygen molecules.

  6. 6

    What is oxyhaemoglobin, and is its formation reversible?

    Model answer

    Oxyhaemoglobin is formed when oxygen binds to haemoglobin; the binding is reversible, allowing oxygen to be released in respiring tissues.

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