Key term
OCR A-Level Biology H420
Cell Structure
Biological Molecules
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Biological Membranes
Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation
Exchange Surfaces
Transport in Animals
Transport in Plants
Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention and the Immune System
Biodiversity
Classification and Evolution
Communication and Homeostasis
Excretion as an Example of Homeostatic Control
Neuronal Communication
Hormonal Communication
Plant and Animal Responses
Topic overviewTropisms and plant responses to stress and herbivoryPlant hormones and their commercial usesThe nervous system and the brainReflex actions and the knee jerk reflexFight or flight and the control of heart rateThe structure of skeletal muscleThe neuromuscular junction and the sliding filament model
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cellular Control
Patterns of Inheritance
Manipulating Genomes
Cloning and Biotechnology
Topic overviewNatural plant cloning and taking cuttingsMicropropagationAdvantages and disadvantages of plant cloningAnimal cloning: embryo twinning and nuclear transferAdvantages and disadvantages of animal cloningMicroorganisms in food productionAseptic techniqueFermentation and its conditionsThe microbial growth curveImmobilised enzymes
Ecosystems
Populations and Sustainability
Practical Skills and Mathematical Requirements
Cellular Control
Transcription factors and post-transcriptional control
- 1 thing to know
- Components 02 and 03
Overview
Transcription factors as activators and repressors, introns, exons and splicing, alternative splicing, and post-translational control through cyclic AMP.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What are transcription factors?
Model answer
Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes in eukaryotes.
- 2
How do transcription factors act as activators?
Model answer
They enhance transcription by helping RNA polymerase bind to the promoter.
- 3
How do transcription factors act as repressors?
Model answer
They inhibit transcription by blocking RNA polymerase binding or action.
- 4
What is post-transcriptional control?
Model answer
The editing of primary mRNA (pre-mRNA) before it leaves the nucleus.
- 5
What are introns?
Model answer
Non-coding sequences within primary mRNA that are removed during splicing.
- 6
What are exons?
Model answer
Coding sequences within primary mRNA that are retained and joined together to form mature mRNA.
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