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The mammalian gas exchange system

  • 1 thing to know
  • Components 01 and 03

Overview

The route from trachea through bronchi and bronchioles to the alveoli, and the tissues lining it: smooth muscle, elastic fibres, goblet cells, cartilage and ciliated epithelium.

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Key term

What is the function of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Name the structure through which air first enters the mammalian gaseous exchange system from the larynx.

    Model answer

    The trachea.

  2. 2

    What structures does the trachea divide into in the mammalian respiratory system?

    Model answer

    The bronchi (one bronchus leading to each lung).

  3. 3

    What are the smaller airways that branch from the bronchi called?

    Model answer

    Bronchioles.

  4. 4

    What are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs?

    Model answer

    Alveoli.

  5. 5

    What is the function of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi?

    Model answer

    Cartilage provides structural support to keep the airways open and prevent them from collapsing during pressure changes.

  6. 6

    Describe the distribution and form of cartilage in the mammalian airways.

    Model answer

    Cartilage is present as C-shaped rings in the trachea and as irregular plates in the bronchi, but is absent from bronchioles and alveoli.

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