Process
OCR A-Level Biology H420
Cell Structure
Biological Molecules
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Biological Membranes
Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation
Exchange Surfaces
Transport in Animals
Transport in Plants
Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention and the Immune System
Biodiversity
Classification and Evolution
Communication and Homeostasis
Excretion as an Example of Homeostatic Control
Neuronal Communication
Hormonal Communication
Plant and Animal Responses
Topic overviewTropisms and plant responses to stress and herbivoryPlant hormones and their commercial usesThe nervous system and the brainReflex actions and the knee jerk reflexFight or flight and the control of heart rateThe structure of skeletal muscleThe neuromuscular junction and the sliding filament model
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cellular Control
Patterns of Inheritance
Manipulating Genomes
Cloning and Biotechnology
Topic overviewNatural plant cloning and taking cuttingsMicropropagationAdvantages and disadvantages of plant cloningAnimal cloning: embryo twinning and nuclear transferAdvantages and disadvantages of animal cloningMicroorganisms in food productionAseptic techniqueFermentation and its conditionsThe microbial growth curveImmobilised enzymes
Ecosystems
Populations and Sustainability
Practical Skills and Mathematical Requirements
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Polynucleotides, ADP and ATP
- 1 thing to know
- Components 01, 02 and 03
Overview
Phosphodiester bonds and the condensation and hydrolysis reactions that make and break a polynucleotide, together with the composition of ADP and ATP.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What type of reaction joins nucleotides together to form a polynucleotide?
Model answer
A condensation reaction.
- 2
What type of covalent bond forms between adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain?
Model answer
A phosphodiester bond.
- 3
Between which two parts of adjacent nucleotides does a phosphodiester bond form?
Model answer
Between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide.
- 4
What type of reaction breaks down polynucleotides into individual nucleotides?
Model answer
A hydrolysis reaction.
- 5
What happens to phosphodiester bonds during the hydrolysis of a polynucleotide?
Model answer
The phosphodiester bonds are broken.
- 6
What pentose sugar is found in ADP?
Model answer
Ribose.
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