Selective reabsorption and the loop of Henle

Overview

How glucose, amino acids, sodium and water are reabsorbed and the adaptations of the tubule cells, and the countercurrent multiplier that concentrates the medulla.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   Define selective reabsorption.

   Model answer

   Selective reabsorption is the process by which useful substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood.

2. 2

   By what mechanisms are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

   Model answer

   By active transport and facilitated diffusion.

3. 3

   How are sodium ions transported out of proximal convoluted tubule cells?

   Model answer

   Sodium ions are actively transported out of the cells into the blood, creating a concentration gradient.

4. 4

   How is glucose transported from the tubule lumen into proximal convoluted tubule cells?

   Model answer

   Glucose is co-transported with sodium ions from the tubule lumen into the cells.

5. 5

   By what process is water reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

   Model answer

   Water is reabsorbed by osmosis following the reabsorption of solutes.

6. 6

   Why do cells of the proximal convoluted tubule have microvilli?

   Model answer

   Microvilli increase the surface area for reabsorption.

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