Plant defences and non-specific animal defences

Overview

Chemical defences and callose deposition in plants, and skin, blood clotting, wound repair, inflammation, expulsive reflexes and mucous membranes in animals.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   How do plants defend themselves chemically against pathogens?

   Model answer

   Plants produce chemicals such as antimicrobial compounds and toxins as a defence against pathogens.

2. 2

   What responses do plants have to limit the spread of pathogens within their tissues?

   Model answer

   Plants have responses that limit pathogen spread, such as cell death at the site of infection and the production of physical barriers.

3. 3

   Explain how callose deposition limits pathogen spread in plants.

   Model answer

   Callose is deposited to block sieve plates and plasmodesmata, preventing the movement of pathogens between cells and through the phloem.

4. 4

   How does the skin act as a defence against pathogens?

   Model answer

   Skin acts as a primary non-specific defence by providing a physical barrier that prevents pathogen entry into the body.

5. 5

   Why is blood clotting considered a primary non-specific defence?

   Model answer

   Blood clotting is a primary non-specific defence because it seals wounds to prevent pathogen entry, regardless of the type of pathogen.

6. 6

   What role do platelets play in initiating blood clotting?

   Model answer

   Platelets release substances that trigger a cascade of events leading to clot formation.

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