Process
OCR A-Level Biology H420
Cell Structure
Biological Molecules
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Biological Membranes
Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation
Exchange Surfaces
Transport in Animals
Transport in Plants
Communicable Diseases, Disease Prevention and the Immune System
Biodiversity
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Communication and Homeostasis
Excretion as an Example of Homeostatic Control
Neuronal Communication
Hormonal Communication
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Topic overviewTropisms and plant responses to stress and herbivoryPlant hormones and their commercial usesThe nervous system and the brainReflex actions and the knee jerk reflexFight or flight and the control of heart rateThe structure of skeletal muscleThe neuromuscular junction and the sliding filament model
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Respiration
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Topic overviewNatural plant cloning and taking cuttingsMicropropagationAdvantages and disadvantages of plant cloningAnimal cloning: embryo twinning and nuclear transferAdvantages and disadvantages of animal cloningMicroorganisms in food productionAseptic techniqueFermentation and its conditionsThe microbial growth curveImmobilised enzymes
Ecosystems
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Practical Skills and Mathematical Requirements
Neuronal Communication
Transmission across a cholinergic synapse
- 2 things to know
- Components 01 and 03
Overview
Calcium entry at the presynaptic knob, the release and binding of acetylcholine, the sodium entry that follows, and the acetylcholinesterase that ends it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Define a synapse.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define a synapse.
Model answer
A synapse is the junction between two neurones where neurotransmission occurs across a synaptic cleft.
- 2
What neurotransmitter is used at a cholinergic synapse?
Model answer
Acetylcholine (ACh).
- 3
What structures are found in the presynaptic neurone that are important for neurotransmission?
Model answer
The presynaptic neurone contains synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter, mitochondria to provide ATP, and voltage-gated calcium channels.
- 4
What type of proteins are found on the postsynaptic membrane and what is their function?
Model answer
The postsynaptic membrane contains receptor proteins specific to the neurotransmitter, which are often ligand-gated ion channels.
- 5
What is the first event at the presynaptic knob when an impulse arrives at a cholinergic synapse?
Model answer
An action potential arrives at the presynaptic knob.
- 6
What happens to calcium channels when an action potential reaches the presynaptic knob?
Model answer
Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels open.
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