Key term
CCEA AS-Level Life and Health Sciences 0008
Experimental Techniques
Human Body Systems
Topic overviewBlood vessels, the heart and cardiac outputHeart sounds, ECG traces, pulse and blood pressureBody fluids, haemoglobin and the Bohr effectThe respiratory system, gas exchange and lung diseaseMonitoring breathing and lung volumesCellular respiration and ATPHomeostasis, blood glucose and thyroxineSodium, blood pH and oxygen saturationA balanced diet and nutritional needs through lifeCholesterol, minerals, vitamins, alcohol and exercise
Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes
Topic overviewMoles, reacting masses and percentage yieldTitration types, indicators and standard solutionsTitration calculations and molarityEnthalpy changes and calorimetryHess's law and average bond enthalpiesCollision theory, rates and the Maxwell–Boltzmann distributionCatalysts, chemisorption and catalytic convertersReversible reactions, the Haber process and the Contact processScale-up, costs and siting a chemical plant
Brain ScienceDouble Award
Topic overviewBrain structure and frontal lobe damageNeurones, synapses and the endocrine systemAlzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and stem cell therapySchizophrenia and mental health awareness in Northern IrelandThe biology of aggression and methods of studying the brainStress, the stress response and stress managementMemory models, forgetting and eyewitness testimonyAbnormality, phobias, depression and OCDExperiments, observations, self-report and research designHypotheses, sampling, ethics and descriptive statistics
Material ScienceDouble Award
Topic overviewMaterial properties and selectionStress, strain and the Young modulusStress–strain graphs, creep and fatigueDensity, hardness and conductivity testingMetals, ceramics, glasses, polymers and compositesAtomic and microscopic structure of materialsAlloys, annealing and biomaterialsSmart materialsNanomaterials and semiconductors
Medicine, Drugs and Clinical TrialsDouble Award
Topic overviewCategories of medicine and routes to drug discoveryMedicines from natural sources, drug names and the ATC systemDrug development, preclinical testing and the therapeutic indexPhases of clinical trials and trial designLicensing, UK regulators, Yellow Card and trial ethicsFormulations, routes of administration and drug absorptionDistribution, metabolism, elimination and sites of drug actionQuantitative analysis of medicines and antibacterial bioassays
Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes
- 9 subtopics
- 27 things to know
- AS 3
What Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes covers
Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes is examined in Unit AS 3, Aspects of Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes — examined, a core unit. It covers moles, reacting masses and percentage yield, titration types, indicators and standard solutions, titration calculations and molarity, enthalpy changes and calorimetry, Hess's law and average bond enthalpies, collision theory, rates and the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, catalysts, chemisorption and catalytic converters, reversible reactions, the Haber process and the Contact process and scale-up, costs and siting a chemical plant.
Where it is assessed
AS 3
Aspects of Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes — a written examination, compulsory.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 9 subtopics
Each one has its own page. CCEA AS Life and Health Sciences students sit this topic in the first year.
- Moles, reacting masses and percentage yieldRelative formula mass, the mole, balancing equations, reacting masses in industrial processes, theoretical and percentage yield in the Haber process, and atom economy.Open →
- Titration types, indicators and standard solutionsWeighing by difference, reading a burette, pH at the equivalence point for strong and weak acids and bases, choosing phenolphthalein or methyl orange, pH curves and end-point colours.Open →
- Titration calculations and molarityMolarity and converting cm³ to dm³, mean titres, concentration from mass, dilution, neutralisation calculations with sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate, and working back through a dilution factor.Open →
- Enthalpy changes and calorimetryExothermic and endothermic reactions, standard enthalpy changes and conditions, the enthalpy of neutralisation, Q = mcΔT, and measuring neutralisation and combustion with worked examples.Open →
- Hess's law and average bond enthalpiesConservation of energy and Hess's law, enthalpy cycles from combustion and formation data, average bond enthalpies, and worked calculations for ammonia, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride.Open →
- Collision theory, rates and the Maxwell–Boltzmann distributionRate and activation energy, reaction profiles, successful collisions, the effects of concentration, pressure and temperature, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, and following rates by mass and titration.Open →
- Catalysts, chemisorption and catalytic convertersHow catalysts change the reaction profile, heterogeneous catalysts and chemisorption, catalyst surface area, catalytic converters and poisoning, the Haber and Contact catalysts, and the economics of catalysts.Open →
- Reversible reactions, the Haber process and the Contact processReversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium, the Haber and Contact processes and their conditions, making sulfuric acid, and predicting the effects of temperature and pressure on yield.Open →
- Scale-up, costs and siting a chemical plantBatch and continuous processes, capital, direct and indirect costs, laboratory against industrial scale, pilot plants, heat control, a worked cost per tonne, and choosing a site for a chemical plant.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Describe how the pH changes as sodium hydroxide is added from a burette to hydrochloric acid.
Key term
How can the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid be followed with a balance?
Key term
What does the term molarity mean?
Key term
Why do chemical reactions usually involve a heat change?
Key term
State the principle of conservation of energy.
Key term
Define a catalyst.
Key term
What is a reversible reaction?
Process
What is a batch process?
Key term
What is the relative formula mass of a substance?
Key term
Why is a solid weighed by difference when a standard solution is made?
Numbers
How is a volume in cm³ converted to dm³ in a concentration calculation?
Key term
Contrast exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Key term
State Hess's law.
Key term
Define rate of reaction and give its usual unit.
Key term
How does a catalyst change the reaction profile of a reaction?
Key term
What is meant by dynamic equilibrium?
Process
What is a continuous process?
Numbers
Calculate the relative formula mass of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, using Ar values H = 1.0, S = 32.1 and O = 16.0.
Key term
What mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate (Mr = 106.0) is needed to make 250 cm³ of a 0.100 mol dm⁻³ standard solution?
Key term
Titres of 23.85 cm³ (rough), 23.40 cm³, 23.10 cm³ and 23.20 cm³ are recorded. Which should be used, and what is the mean titre?
Key term
Give one industrial example of an exothermic reaction and one of an endothermic reaction.
Key term
How does Hess's law follow from the conservation of energy?
Key term
Define activation energy.
Key term
What is a heterogeneous catalyst?
Process
State the equation and enthalpy change for the Haber process.
Process
Why are pharmaceuticals usually made by batch processes?
Take Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Batch process vs Continuous process
Batch process: a method of manufacture that loads a fixed quantity of reactants, reacts them and empties the vessel before starting again. Continuous process: a method of manufacture that feeds reactants in and removes products without stopping for long periods.
Heterogeneous catalyst vs Homogeneous catalyst
Heterogeneous catalyst: a rate-increasing substance in a different phase from the reacting chemicals. Homogeneous catalyst: a rate-increasing substance in the same phase as the reacting chemicals.
Percentage yield vs Atom economy
Percentage yield: the proportion of the theoretical maximum mass of product that is actually obtained. Atom economy: the proportion of the total mass of products formed that is the desired product.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the relative formula mass of a substance?
Model answer
The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in its formula. Relative formula mass has no units.
- 2
Calculate the relative formula mass of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, using Ar values H = 1.0, S = 32.1 and O = 16.0.
Model answer
The relative formula mass of H₂SO₄ is 98.1. The working is (2 × 1.0) + 32.1 + (4 × 16.0) = 98.1.
- 3
What is one mole of a substance?
Model answer
One mole is the amount of substance containing 6.02 × 10²³ particles, the Avogadro constant. A mole of a substance has a mass in grams equal to its relative formula mass.
- 4
State the relationship between amount in moles, mass and molar mass.
Model answer
The amount in moles equals the mass in grams divided by the molar mass in g mol⁻¹. Mass equals moles multiplied by molar mass.
- 5
A water-treatment chemist weighs out 5.30 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃ (Mr = 106.0). How many moles is this?
Model answer
The sample contains 0.0500 mol of sodium carbonate. The working is 5.30 ÷ 106.0 = 0.0500 mol.
- 6
Why must a symbol equation be balanced before it is used to calculate reacting quantities?
Model answer
A balanced equation gives the mole ratio in which substances react and form. An unbalanced equation gives the wrong ratio and so the wrong masses.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes revision questions
- Is Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes examined at AS in CCEA Life and Health Sciences?
- Yes. It sits in AS 3, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes cover in CCEA AS-Level Life and Health Sciences?
- 9 subtopics: moles, reacting masses and percentage yield, titration types, indicators and standard solutions, titration calculations and molarity, enthalpy changes and calorimetry, hess's law and average bond enthalpies, collision theory, rates and the maxwell–boltzmann distribution, catalysts, chemisorption and catalytic converters, reversible reactions, the haber process and the contact process and scale-up, costs and siting a chemical plant. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes organised?
- By the CCEA 0008 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Physical Chemistry in Industrial Processes, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.