AQA A-Level Law 7162
The Nature of Law
The European Union and English Law
Legal Personnel and the Judiciary
Access to Justice and Funding
Parliamentary Law Making
Delegated Legislation
Statutory Interpretation
Judicial Precedent
Law Reform
The Civil Courts and Dispute Resolution
The Criminal Courts and Sentencing
Lay People: Magistrates and Juries
Criminal Law: Rules and Theory
General Elements of Liability
Fatal Offences Against the Person
Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person
Property Offences
Preliminary Offences
Criminal Defences
Tort: Rules and Theory
Negligence
Occupiers' Liability
Nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher
Vicarious Liability
Tort: Defences and Remedies
Contract: Rules and TheoryContract
Formation of a ContractContract
Contract TermsContract
Vitiating FactorsContract
Discharge of a ContractContract
Contract: RemediesContract
Human Rights: Rules and TheoryHuman rights
Human Rights in International and UK LawHuman rights
The European Convention ArticlesHuman rights
Restrictions and EnforcementHuman rights
Reform of Human Rights LawHuman rights
Contract Terms
- 6 subtopics
- 20 things to know
- Paper 3
- Paper 3, the law of contract — one of two options
What Contract Terms covers
Express and implied terms, conditions and warranties and the remedies each attracts, the Consumer Rights Act 2015, and exclusion clauses.
The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Express and Implied TermsRecall questions on what express terms are and how they are communicated, and on the three sources of implied terms.Open →
- Conditions, Warranties and Their RemediesRecall questions on the definition of a condition and of a warranty and on what remedy follows the breach of each.Open →
- The Consumer Rights Act: GoodsRecall questions on the quality, fitness and description terms implied by sections 9 to 11 and the remedy under section 20.Open →
- Exclusion and Limitation ClausesRecall questions on what each clause does, how they differ, the first common law requirement and the effect of signing without reading.Open →
- The Consumer Rights Act: Quality and FitnessRecall questions on the purpose of the Act and on the sections implying satisfactory quality and fitness for purpose.Open →
- The Consumer Rights Act: ServicesRecall questions on the terms the Consumer Rights Act 2015 implies into service contracts under sections 49 and 52, the remedies of repeat performance and price reduction, and why services carry no right to reject.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Name the three sources from which implied terms may be incorporated into a contract.
Why might a court imply a term to give business efficacy to a contract?
Define a condition in contract law.
Can an innocent party terminate a contract for breach of warranty?
What remedy is available if breach of an innominate term has only minor consequences?
What quality standard does Section 9 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 require goods to meet in consumer contracts?
What remedy does Section 20 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 provide when an implied term in a goods contract is breached?
How does the Consumer Rights Act 2015 treat remedies for breach of implied terms in goods contracts compared to services contracts?
What is an exclusion clause?
What is the purpose of construction rules when applied to exclusion clauses?
What does the reasonableness test under UCTA 1977 require a court to consider?
What requirement does section 9 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 impose on goods supplied under a contract?
What remedy does section 20 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 provide to consumers?
What remedies are available under section 24 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015?
What standard must services meet under section 49 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015?
What remedy does section 55 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 provide for breach of an implied term in a services contract?
What remedy does section 56 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 provide for services that breach an implied term?
How may express terms be communicated, and from what sources are terms implied?
What remedies follow breach of a condition, and what is a warranty and its remedy?
Take Contract Terms further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Express term vs Implied term
Express term: a term the parties themselves stated. Implied term: a term read in by statute, custom or the courts.
Innominate term vs Condition
Innominate term: a term whose remedy depends on how serious the consequences of breach turn out to be. Condition: a term going to the root of the contract, breach of which allows repudiation.
Representation vs Term
Representation: a statement inducing the contract but not forming part of it. Term: a statement forming part of the contract itself.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What are express terms in a contract?
Model answer
Express terms are terms that have been explicitly agreed upon by the parties to a contract, whether orally or in writing.
- 2
How can express terms be communicated between contracting parties?
Model answer
Express terms can be communicated either orally or in writing.
- 3
What are implied terms in a contract?
Model answer
Implied terms are terms that have not been expressly stated by the parties but are incorporated into the contract by statute, custom, or the courts.
- 4
Name the three sources from which implied terms may be incorporated into a contract.
Model answer
Statute, custom, and the courts.
- 5
Give two examples of statutes that may imply terms into contracts.
Model answer
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015.
- 6
When may terms be implied into a contract by custom or trade usage?
Model answer
Where there is a well-established practice in a particular trade or locality.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Contract Terms revision questions
- What does Contract Terms cover in AQA A-Level Law?
- 6 subtopics: express and implied terms, conditions, warranties and their remedies, the consumer rights act: goods, exclusion and limitation clauses, the consumer rights act: quality and fitness and the consumer rights act: services. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Contract Terms organised?
- By the AQA 7162 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Contract Terms, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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