Key term
AQA A-Level Law 7162
The Nature of Law
Topic overviewDistributive and Corrective JusticeTheories of Justice: Rawls, Nozick and MarxWhat Law Does in SocietyHow Law and Morality Are EnforcedMoral Diversity in a Pluralist SocietyThe Hart-Devlin DebateProcedural Justice and UtilitarianismThe Rule of Law: Core RequirementsLaw, Rights and the Resolution of DisputesFault and Strict LiabilityWhere Law and Morality OverlapWolfenden and R v BrownAristotle on JusticeJustice through Civil and Criminal LawCriminal and civil law comparedCustom, statute and common law as sourcesEquality, Fairness and Clarity before the Law
The European Union and English Law
Legal Personnel and the Judiciary
Access to Justice and Funding
Parliamentary Law Making
Delegated Legislation
Statutory Interpretation
Judicial Precedent
Law Reform
The Civil Courts and Dispute Resolution
The Criminal Courts and Sentencing
Lay People: Magistrates and Juries
Criminal Law: Rules and Theory
General Elements of Liability
Fatal Offences Against the Person
Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person
Property Offences
Preliminary Offences
Criminal Defences
Tort: Rules and Theory
Negligence
Occupiers' Liability
Nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher
Vicarious Liability
Tort: Defences and Remedies
Contract: Rules and TheoryContract
Formation of a ContractContract
Contract TermsContract
Vitiating FactorsContract
Discharge of a ContractContract
Contract: RemediesContract
Human Rights: Rules and TheoryHuman rights
Topic overviewArticle 2 and Article 5: Life and LibertyArticle 11 and the Conditions for RestrictionRights, Liberties and Correlative DutiesThe Scope of Fundamental Human RightsArticle 2 Exceptions and the Article 5 GuaranteeInterfering with Article 8 RightsArticle 10: Freedom of Expression and Its LimitsThe Human Rights Act and Categories of Rights
Human Rights in International and UK LawHuman rights
The European Convention ArticlesHuman rights
Topic overviewFreedom of Association and Its LimitsArticle 2: Justified Deprivation of LifeArticle 5: Lawful Arrest and DetentionArticle 8: Private and Family LifeArticle 11: What It ProtectsArticle 2: Negative and Positive ObligationsThe Article 2.2 Exceptions in DetailArticle 5.1: Liberty and Security of PersonDetention under Article 5.1(a) to (c)Article 5.2 to 5.5: Information and ReviewArticle 10.1: Freedom of ExpressionWhich Paragraphs Permit RestrictionThe Grounds for Lawful DetentionEnforcing Rights in Strasbourg and by Judicial Review
Restrictions and EnforcementHuman rights
Topic overviewThe Common Requirements for RestrictionsLegitimate Aims and ProportionalityBringing a Claim to the Strasbourg CourtArticle 46, Judicial Review and Section 7 ClaimsPrescribed by Law and Necessary in a DemocracyLegitimate Aims for Restricting Articles 10 and 11Enforcement in Strasbourg and at HomeThe Two General Conditions for RestrictionLegitimate Aims across Articles 8, 10 and 11Who May Claim and How Rights Are EnforcedSupervising Judgments and Judicial Review Remedies
Reform of Human Rights LawHuman rights
Legal Personnel and the Judiciary
- 5 subtopics
- 17 things to know
- All three papers
What Legal Personnel and the Judiciary covers
What barristers, solicitors and legal executives do, the work of judges at each level, and the independence and appointment of the judiciary.
Where it is assessed
All three papers
The nature of law and the English legal system, 25 marks on each paper.
Check the AQA specification ↗The 5 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Barristers and SolicitorsRecall questions on advocacy and specialist opinion work, and on the client and preparatory work solicitors do.Open →
- The Role of Judges in Civil and Criminal TrialsRecall questions on how civil judges manage cases, find facts, apply the law and award remedies, and on how criminal judges run the trial, rule on evidence, direct and sum up to the jury and pass sentence.Open →
- Rights of Audience and Legal DocumentationRecall questions on how barristers and solicitors work and where each may appear, conveyancing, Chartered Legal Executives, the Bar Standards Board and Solicitors Regulation Authority, and complaints to the Legal Ombudsman.Open →
- The Judges and Their CourtsRecall questions on Justices of the Peace, district judges, recorders and circuit judges, High Court judges, Lords Justices of Appeal and Justices of the Supreme Court, and the cases each hears.Open →
- Judicial Independence and AppointmentsRecall questions on security of tenure and immunity from suit, and on what the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 changed about the top court and appointments.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What are Chartered Legal Executives and how does their work compare to solicitors?
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What distinguishes District Judges from magistrates in terms of their professional status and where they sit?
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How do judges in civil courts determine which party should bear legal responsibility?
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What happens after a defendant is found guilty in a criminal trial regarding the judge's role?
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How does judicial independence protect citizens from the state?
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In which courts do barristers have rights of audience?
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In which courts do solicitors have rights of audience?
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Which regulatory body is responsible for overseeing barristers?
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What types of cases do High Court judges hear?
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What is the judge's role regarding questions of law in civil proceedings?
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What is the judge's overarching responsibility regarding the conduct of a criminal trial?
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Define security of tenure as it applies to senior judges.
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How does judicial independence relate to the rule of law?
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How does the separation of powers contribute to judicial independence?
Process
What do barristers and solicitors each do for a client?
Process
How does a civil judge move from the evidence to a remedy?
Take Legal Personnel and the Judiciary further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Barrister vs Solicitor
Barrister: a lawyer specialising in courtroom advocacy, traditionally instructed rather than approached directly. Solicitor: a lawyer dealing directly with clients and handling the conduct of a case.
Superior judge vs Inferior judge
Superior judge: a judge of the High Court or above. Inferior judge: a judge of the Circuit or District bench and below.
Security of tenure vs Judicial independence
Security of tenure: the protection preventing a senior judge from being dismissed at will. Judicial independence: the wider principle that judges decide free from outside pressure.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the role of barristers in relation to advocacy?
Model answer
Barristers specialise in advocacy, representing clients in court proceedings.
- 2
Besides court representation, what other specialist service do barristers provide?
Model answer
Barristers provide specialist legal opinions on complex legal matters.
- 3
What is one of the primary functions of solicitors in relation to their clients?
Model answer
Solicitors provide legal advice to clients on general legal matters.
- 4
What role do solicitors play in preparing for legal proceedings?
Model answer
Solicitors prepare legal documents such as contracts, wills, and court papers.
- 5
In which courts may solicitors conduct advocacy?
Model answer
Solicitors may conduct advocacy in lower courts such as magistrates' courts and county courts.
- 6
What are Chartered Legal Executives and how does their work compare to solicitors?
Model answer
Chartered Legal Executives are qualified lawyers who specialise in particular areas of law and carry out similar work to solicitors within their specialist field.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Legal Personnel and the Judiciary revision questions
- What does Legal Personnel and the Judiciary cover in AQA A-Level Law?
- 5 subtopics: barristers and solicitors, the role of judges in civil and criminal trials, rights of audience and legal documentation, the judges and their courts and judicial independence and appointments. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Legal Personnel and the Judiciary organised?
- By the AQA 7162 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Legal Personnel and the Judiciary, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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