Key term
AQA A-Level Law 7162
The Nature of Law
Topic overviewDistributive and Corrective JusticeTheories of Justice: Rawls, Nozick and MarxWhat Law Does in SocietyHow Law and Morality Are EnforcedMoral Diversity in a Pluralist SocietyThe Hart-Devlin DebateProcedural Justice and UtilitarianismThe Rule of Law: Core RequirementsLaw, Rights and the Resolution of DisputesFault and Strict LiabilityWhere Law and Morality OverlapWolfenden and R v BrownAristotle on JusticeJustice through Civil and Criminal LawCriminal and civil law comparedCustom, statute and common law as sourcesEquality, Fairness and Clarity before the Law
The European Union and English Law
Legal Personnel and the Judiciary
Access to Justice and Funding
Parliamentary Law Making
Delegated Legislation
Statutory Interpretation
Judicial Precedent
Law Reform
The Civil Courts and Dispute Resolution
The Criminal Courts and Sentencing
Lay People: Magistrates and Juries
Criminal Law: Rules and Theory
General Elements of Liability
Fatal Offences Against the Person
Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person
Property Offences
Preliminary Offences
Criminal Defences
Tort: Rules and Theory
Negligence
Occupiers' Liability
Nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher
Vicarious Liability
Tort: Defences and Remedies
Contract: Rules and TheoryContract
Formation of a ContractContract
Contract TermsContract
Vitiating FactorsContract
Discharge of a ContractContract
Contract: RemediesContract
Human Rights: Rules and TheoryHuman rights
Topic overviewArticle 2 and Article 5: Life and LibertyArticle 11 and the Conditions for RestrictionRights, Liberties and Correlative DutiesThe Scope of Fundamental Human RightsArticle 2 Exceptions and the Article 5 GuaranteeInterfering with Article 8 RightsArticle 10: Freedom of Expression and Its LimitsThe Human Rights Act and Categories of Rights
Human Rights in International and UK LawHuman rights
The European Convention ArticlesHuman rights
Topic overviewFreedom of Association and Its LimitsArticle 2: Justified Deprivation of LifeArticle 5: Lawful Arrest and DetentionArticle 8: Private and Family LifeArticle 11: What It ProtectsArticle 2: Negative and Positive ObligationsThe Article 2.2 Exceptions in DetailArticle 5.1: Liberty and Security of PersonDetention under Article 5.1(a) to (c)Article 5.2 to 5.5: Information and ReviewArticle 10.1: Freedom of ExpressionWhich Paragraphs Permit RestrictionThe Grounds for Lawful DetentionEnforcing Rights in Strasbourg and by Judicial Review
Restrictions and EnforcementHuman rights
Topic overviewThe Common Requirements for RestrictionsLegitimate Aims and ProportionalityBringing a Claim to the Strasbourg CourtArticle 46, Judicial Review and Section 7 ClaimsPrescribed by Law and Necessary in a DemocracyLegitimate Aims for Restricting Articles 10 and 11Enforcement in Strasbourg and at HomeThe Two General Conditions for RestrictionLegitimate Aims across Articles 8, 10 and 11Who May Claim and How Rights Are EnforcedSupervising Judgments and Judicial Review Remedies
Reform of Human Rights LawHuman rights
Negligence
Psychiatric Injury: Primary and Secondary Victims
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Recall questions on what a primary victim must show, what Page v Smith established and the Alcock control mechanisms for secondary victims.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What does the Alcock control mechanism require regarding the secondary victim's location relative to the accident?
Key term
What policy factor relating to evidence restricts liability for psychiatric injury?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does psychiatric injury mean in the context of negligence claims?
Model answer
A medically recognised psychiatric illness, not mere grief, distress or emotional upset.
- 2
How is a primary victim defined in psychiatric injury claims?
Model answer
Someone who was within the zone of physical danger created by the defendant's negligence or who reasonably believed themselves to be.
- 3
How is a secondary victim defined in psychiatric injury claims?
Model answer
Someone who suffers psychiatric injury as a result of witnessing injury or danger to another person caused by the defendant's negligence.
- 4
What must a primary victim establish to recover for psychiatric injury?
Model answer
That physical injury was foreseeable; they do not need to prove that psychiatric injury itself was foreseeable.
- 5
What did Page v Smith establish about primary victims and psychiatric injury?
Model answer
That a primary victim can recover for psychiatric injury if physical injury was foreseeable, even if no physical injury actually occurred.
- 6
What must secondary victims satisfy to establish a duty of care for psychiatric injury?
Model answer
The Alcock control mechanisms.
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