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The Nature of Law

Theories of Justice: Rawls, Nozick and Marx

  • 2 things to know
  • All three papers

Overview

Recall questions on Rawls's difference principle, Nozick's entitlement theory and the Marxist critique of justice.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Explain Rawls' difference principle.

Key term

What does substantive justice concern?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is John Rawls' 'veil of ignorance' and how does it relate to justice?

    Model answer

    Rawls proposed that fair principles of justice are those chosen behind a 'veil of ignorance' where decision-makers do not know their position in society.

  2. 2

    Why might Rawls' veil of ignorance lead to more egalitarian principles of justice?

    Model answer

    Because decision-makers do not know their position in society, they would rationally choose principles that protect the worst-off, fearing they might end up in that position.

  3. 3

    Explain Rawls' difference principle.

    Model answer

    The difference principle permits inequalities only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society.

  4. 4

    What is Robert Nozick's entitlement theory of justice?

    Model answer

    Nozick's entitlement theory holds that justice requires respecting individuals' rights to acquire and transfer property freely, regardless of resulting distribution.

  5. 5

    How does Nozick's view of justice differ from Rawls' approach?

    Model answer

    Nozick focuses on respecting property rights and free transfer regardless of outcomes, while Rawls requires that inequalities benefit the least advantaged.

  6. 6

    How did Karl Marx view justice?

    Model answer

    Marx viewed justice through the lens of class struggle, arguing true justice requires abolition of class-based exploitation.

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