The European Convention Articles

What The European Convention Articles covers

Articles 2, 5, 8, 10 and 11 in detail — the right to life, liberty and security, private and family life, expression, and assembly and association.

The 14 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

• Freedom of Association and Its LimitsRecall questions on the freedoms protected by Article 11.1, the groups it covers and the three cumulative requirements a restriction must meet.Open →
• Article 2: Justified Deprivation of LifeRecall questions on the sole circumstance permitting intentional deprivation and on the standard the use of force must meet under Article 2.2.Open →
• Article 5: Lawful Arrest and DetentionRecall questions on detention after conviction, the grounds under 5.1(b) and 5.1(c), and what an arrested person must be told.Open →
• Article 8: Private and Family LifeRecall questions on the protection given to private life, family relationships, the home and correspondence.Open →
• Article 11: What It ProtectsRecall questions on the rights of peaceful assembly and of association and on how each is defined.Open →
• Article 2: Negative and Positive ObligationsRecall questions on the state's negative and positive duties under Article 2, effective criminal law and investigation, the Osman test for the operational duty, when life begins and whether there is a right to die.Open →
• The Article 2.2 Exceptions in DetailRecall questions on defence from unlawful violence, the detention-related purposes and the quelling of a riot or insurrection.Open →
• Article 5.1: Liberty and Security of PersonRecall questions on the right guaranteed, what it protects against, the limits of security of person and whether the right is absolute.Open →
• Detention under Article 5.1(a) to (c)Recall questions on detention after conviction by a competent court, detention under Article 5.1(b) for breach of a court order or legal obligation, the grounds in Article 5.1(c), lawfulness and reasonable suspicion.Open →
• Article 5.2 to 5.5: Information and ReviewRecall questions on how quickly and in what language an arrested person must be informed, and what else they must be told.Open →
• Article 10.1: Freedom of ExpressionRecall questions on the article guaranteeing expression, whether it covers holding opinions and why, and the freedom to receive information.Open →
• Which Paragraphs Permit RestrictionRecall questions on the rights protected by Article 11.1 and on the provisions allowing restriction of Articles 8, 10 and 11.Open →
• The Grounds for Lawful DetentionRecall questions on the right Article 5.1 protects and on the circumstances permitted under sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c).Open →
• Enforcing Rights in Strasbourg and by Judicial ReviewRecall questions on exhausting domestic remedies before going to Strasbourg, the binding effect and remedies of European Court of Human Rights judgments, the role of domestic courts, and judicial review of public authorities.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take The European Convention Articles further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• Under Article 2, the substantive obligation vs Under Article 2, the procedural obligation

  Under Article 2, the substantive obligation: the duty to protect life and avoid unlawful killing. Under Article 2, the procedural obligation: duty to investigate potentially unlawful deaths.

• Arrest vs Detention

  Arrest: initial restraint based on lawful authority. Detention: continued deprivation of physical liberty.

• Reasonable suspicion vs Reasonable belief

  Reasonable suspicion: objective basis connecting a person with offending. Reasonable belief: honest conclusion supported by objective grounds.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   Besides peaceful assembly, what other fundamental freedom is protected under Article 11.1 ECHR?

   Model answer

   The right to freedom of association with others.

2. 2

   What types of groups does freedom of association under Article 11 allow individuals to form and join?

   Model answer

   Trade unions, political parties, and other organisations.

3. 3

   Which paragraph of Article 11 provides for restrictions on the rights guaranteed in Article 11.1?

   Model answer

   Article 11.2.

4. 4

   State the three cumulative requirements a restriction under Article 11.2 must meet to be lawful.

   Model answer

   It must be prescribed by law, necessary in a democratic society, and pursue a legitimate aim.

5. 5

   How can public safety serve as a justification for restricting Article 11 rights?

   Model answer

   Public safety is a legitimate aim under Article 11.2, allowing restrictions where necessary to protect the physical safety of the public.

6. 6

   What legitimate aim under Article 11.2 would justify restricting an assembly likely to cause riots?

   Model answer

   The prevention of disorder or crime.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

The European Convention Articles revision questions

What does The European Convention Articles cover in AQA A-Level Law?

14 subtopics: freedom of association and its limits, article 2: justified deprivation of life, article 5: lawful arrest and detention, article 8: private and family life, article 11: what it protects, article 2: negative and positive obligations, the article 2.2 exceptions in detail, article 5.1: liberty and security of person, detention under article 5.1(a) to (c), article 5.2 to 5.5: information and review, article 10.1: freedom of expression, which paragraphs permit restriction, the grounds for lawful detention and enforcing rights in strasbourg and by judicial review. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is The European Convention Articles organised?

By the AQA 7162 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.