Key term
AQA A-Level Law 7162
The Nature of Law
Topic overviewDistributive and Corrective JusticeTheories of Justice: Rawls, Nozick and MarxWhat Law Does in SocietyHow Law and Morality Are EnforcedMoral Diversity in a Pluralist SocietyThe Hart-Devlin DebateProcedural Justice and UtilitarianismThe Rule of Law: Core RequirementsLaw, Rights and the Resolution of DisputesFault and Strict LiabilityWhere Law and Morality OverlapWolfenden and R v BrownAristotle on JusticeJustice through Civil and Criminal LawCriminal and civil law comparedCustom, statute and common law as sourcesEquality, Fairness and Clarity before the Law
The European Union and English Law
Legal Personnel and the Judiciary
Access to Justice and Funding
Parliamentary Law Making
Delegated Legislation
Statutory Interpretation
Judicial Precedent
Law Reform
The Civil Courts and Dispute Resolution
The Criminal Courts and Sentencing
Lay People: Magistrates and Juries
Criminal Law: Rules and Theory
General Elements of Liability
Fatal Offences Against the Person
Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person
Property Offences
Preliminary Offences
Criminal Defences
Tort: Rules and Theory
Negligence
Occupiers' Liability
Nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher
Vicarious Liability
Tort: Defences and Remedies
Contract: Rules and TheoryContract
Formation of a ContractContract
Contract TermsContract
Vitiating FactorsContract
Discharge of a ContractContract
Contract: RemediesContract
Human Rights: Rules and TheoryHuman rights
Topic overviewArticle 2 and Article 5: Life and LibertyArticle 11 and the Conditions for RestrictionRights, Liberties and Correlative DutiesThe Scope of Fundamental Human RightsArticle 2 Exceptions and the Article 5 GuaranteeInterfering with Article 8 RightsArticle 10: Freedom of Expression and Its LimitsThe Human Rights Act and Categories of Rights
Human Rights in International and UK LawHuman rights
The European Convention ArticlesHuman rights
Topic overviewFreedom of Association and Its LimitsArticle 2: Justified Deprivation of LifeArticle 5: Lawful Arrest and DetentionArticle 8: Private and Family LifeArticle 11: What It ProtectsArticle 2: Negative and Positive ObligationsThe Article 2.2 Exceptions in DetailArticle 5.1: Liberty and Security of PersonDetention under Article 5.1(a) to (c)Article 5.2 to 5.5: Information and ReviewArticle 10.1: Freedom of ExpressionWhich Paragraphs Permit RestrictionThe Grounds for Lawful DetentionEnforcing Rights in Strasbourg and by Judicial Review
Restrictions and EnforcementHuman rights
Topic overviewThe Common Requirements for RestrictionsLegitimate Aims and ProportionalityBringing a Claim to the Strasbourg CourtArticle 46, Judicial Review and Section 7 ClaimsPrescribed by Law and Necessary in a DemocracyLegitimate Aims for Restricting Articles 10 and 11Enforcement in Strasbourg and at HomeThe Two General Conditions for RestrictionLegitimate Aims across Articles 8, 10 and 11Who May Claim and How Rights Are EnforcedSupervising Judgments and Judicial Review Remedies
Reform of Human Rights LawHuman rights
Property Offences
- 4 subtopics
- 14 things to know
- Paper 1
What Property Offences covers
Theft and its five elements, the treatment of land and of dishonesty, and the offence of robbery that builds on it.
The 4 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The Definition of TheftRecall questions on section 1 of the Theft Act 1968 and on the three elements of the actus reus and the two of the mens rea.Open →
- Property and Belonging to AnotherRecall questions on when land, wild plants and wild creatures can be stolen, and on when property belongs to another under section 5, including property received under an obligation or by mistake.Open →
- Dishonesty and the Ivey TestRecall questions on the three situations in which section 2 says appropriation is not dishonest, the two limbs of the old Ghosh test, and the two stages of the Ivey v Genting Casinos test that replaced it.Open →
- Permanent Deprivation and RobberyRecall questions on when borrowing amounts to an intention to permanently deprive and on the definition of robbery and the force it requires.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What must be proved regarding intention to permanently deprive for the mens rea of theft?
Key term
How does section 3 of the Theft Act 1968 define appropriation?
Key term
Can land generally be stolen under the Theft Act 1968?
Key term
Under what condition can wild plants growing on land be stolen?
Key term
Under section 5(3), when is property received under an obligation regarded as belonging to another?
Key term
What was the objective limb of the Ghosh test for dishonesty?
Key term
What does the element of 'dishonesty' require in the definition of theft?
Key term
What is the first stage of the Ivey v Genting Casinos test for dishonesty?
Key term
When can borrowing or lending property amount to intention to permanently deprive?
Key term
What physical element regarding force is required for the actus reus of robbery?
Key term
What causal connection must exist between force and theft in robbery?
Process
What are the elements of theft, and what counts as appropriation?
Process
When may a trustee, a stranger or a tenant commit theft of land?
Take Property Offences further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Theft vs Robbery
Theft: dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another intending to permanently deprive. Robbery: stealing with force or the threat of force used immediately before or at the time.
Burglary under section 9(1)(a) vs Burglary under section 9(1)(b)
Burglary under section 9(1)(a): entering as a trespasser with intent to steal, inflict GBH or cause criminal damage. Burglary under section 9(1)(b): having entered as a trespasser, stealing or inflicting GBH or attempting either.
Appropriation vs Permanent deprivation
Appropriation: assuming any of the rights of the owner. Permanent deprivation: the intention to treat the property as one's own to dispose of regardless of the owner.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does section 1 of the Theft Act 1968 define theft?
Model answer
Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it.
- 2
What three elements make up the actus reus of theft?
Model answer
Appropriation of property belonging to another.
- 3
What two elements comprise the mens rea of theft?
Model answer
Dishonesty and intention to permanently deprive.
- 4
What must be proved regarding intention to permanently deprive for the mens rea of theft?
Model answer
The defendant must intend that the owner will be permanently deprived of the property.
- 5
What does 'appropriation' mean as an element of theft?
Model answer
Any assumption of the rights of an owner over property.
- 6
Explain the appropriation component of the actus reus of theft.
Model answer
The defendant must assume any of the rights of an owner over the property.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Property Offences revision questions
- What does Property Offences cover in AQA A-Level Law?
- 4 subtopics: the definition of theft, property and belonging to another, dishonesty and the ivey test and permanent deprivation and robbery. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Property Offences organised?
- By the AQA 7162 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Property Offences, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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