Define the cycle of deprivation.

The cycle of deprivation is the self-reinforcing sequence in which unemployment leads to low income, poor housing and health and low attainment, which in turn make employment harder to obtain.

What is social exclusion?

Social exclusion is the process by which people are shut out of the economic, social and political life of their community, through poverty, discrimination or lack of access.

Why does the closure of a large works often produce derelict land?

Sites are contaminated by former processes and expensive to clear, so they stay vacant until public money makes redevelopment viable.

WJEC A-Level Geography 601-8455-3

Coastal Landscapes

Glaciated Landscapes

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Tectonic Hazards

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Changing Places

Topic overview What gives a place its character Flows and connections that shape places Meaning, perception and attachment to place How places are represented Economic restructuring and the Clark Fisher model Deindustrialisation and social inequality The service economy and its impacts The knowledge economy and clusters Rebranding rural places Managing change in rural places Rebranding urban places Managing change in urban places Comparing a home place with a contrasting place How place change affects people's lives

Water and Carbon Cycles

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Global Migration

Topic overview Globalisation and a shrinking world Classifying and mapping migration Causes of international economic migration Consequences and management of economic migration Refugee movements and internal displacement Rural-urban migration in developing countries Superpowers and global hub cities Migration policy and public debate in the UK Managing refugee crises Informal settlements in developing cities

Global Governance of the Oceans

Topic overview Supranational institutions and global governance Laws and agreements governing the oceans Strategic value of the oceans and maritime security Shipping, cables and illicit flows Sovereignty over ocean resources Managing marine environments Ocean pollution and its management Governance across scales: an ocean case study

EcosystemsContemporary theme

Topic overview The value of ecosystems to people The distribution of global biomes Ecosystem structure, energy flow and productivity Nutrient cycling in contrasting biomes Measuring and threatening biodiversity Conserving biodiversity Succession and local ecosystems The Arctic tundra biome Sustainable use of the Arctic tundra

Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme

Topic overview India's relief, drainage and climate India's population, society and governance India's resources, hazards and economic geography India's global role and economic growth Environmental pressures of India's growth Sustainable development strategies in India

Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme

Topic overview China's relief, drainage and climate China's population, society and governance China's resources, hazards and economic geography China's global role and economic growth Environmental pressures of China's growth Sustainable development strategies in China

Development in an African ContextContemporary theme

Topic overview Defining and measuring development Physical factors influencing development Economic factors influencing development Political, social and cultural factors in development The environmental cost of development Desertification Strategies to promote development

Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme

Topic overview Classifying and distributing energy resources Physical factors in energy supply The changing demand for energy Managing oil and gas globally Problems of extraction, transport and use Energy mixes and development Sustainable solutions to energy demand

Weather and ClimateContemporary theme

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Key Concepts in Geography

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Changing Places

Deindustrialisation and social inequality

3 things to know
AS Unit 2

Overview

Cycle of deprivation, social exclusion and one environmental benefit of the loss of heavy industry.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Give three indicators used to measure deprivation.

Key term

Explain how deindustrialisation contributes to social exclusion.

Key term

Name one environmental benefit of the loss of heavy industry.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Define the cycle of deprivation.
Model answer
The cycle of deprivation is the self-reinforcing sequence in which unemployment leads to low income, poor housing and health and low attainment, which in turn make employment harder to obtain.
2
Give three indicators used to measure deprivation.
Model answer
Income and employment levels, health and disability, and educational attainment, with housing, crime and access to services also used.
3
What is social exclusion?
Model answer
Social exclusion is the process by which people are shut out of the economic, social and political life of their community, through poverty, discrimination or lack of access.
4
Explain how deindustrialisation contributes to social exclusion.
Model answer
Workers whose skills were specific to the lost industry cannot find equivalent work, so long-term unemployment cuts them off from income, networks and status.
5
Name one environmental benefit of the loss of heavy industry.
Model answer
Air and water pollution fell sharply, so rivers such as the Taff and the Tyne now support fish that had disappeared.
6
Why does the closure of a large works often produce derelict land?
Model answer
Sites are contaminated by former processes and expensive to clear, so they stay vacant until public money makes redevelopment viable.

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Coastal Landscapes

Glaciated Landscapes

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Changing Places

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AFew coastal people recognised the signs.

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