Key term
WJEC A-Level Geography 601-8455-3
Coastal Landscapes
Topic overviewThe coast as an open systemSediment sources and sediment cellsTides and coastal currentsConstructive and destructive wavesHigh energy coasts and erosional landscape systemsLow energy coasts and depositional landscape systemsFetch, wave refraction and wave energyLithology and structural geology at the coastSub-aerial weathering and mass movementMarine processes of erosionErosional landforms of rocky coastsCoastal transport and longshore driftDeposition, flocculation and sediment sortingDepositional landforms of sandy coastsSand dunes and aeolian processesEstuaries, tidal flats and salt marshesCoral reefs and mangrove coastlinesCoastal change over different timescalesCoastal processes and human activityHuman impact on coastal landscape systems
Glaciated Landscapes
Topic overviewThe glacier as an open systemClimate change and the glacier budgetGlacier movementTypes of ice mass and their distributionGlacial weathering and erosion processesMacro-scale erosional landformsGlacial transport and depositional landformsFluvioglacial landformsSuites of landforms in glacial landscapesPeriglacial processes and ground icePeriglacial action of water and windGlacial change over different timescalesGlacial environments and human activity
Tectonic Hazards
Topic overviewThe internal structure of the EarthMechanisms of plate movementDivergent and conservative plate marginsConvergent margins and subductionHot spots and the global distribution of tectonic hazardsThe hazard profile and measuring magnitudeTypes of volcano and styles of eruptionPrimary volcanic hazardsSecondary volcanic hazardsImpacts of volcanic activity at different scalesContrasting volcanic eruptionsEarthquake characteristics and seismic wavesEarthquake hazards and ground behaviourTsunami processes and impactsContrasting earthquake eventsRisk, vulnerability and human factorsMonitoring, prediction and warningMitigation, response and the hazard management cycle
Changing Places
Topic overviewWhat gives a place its characterFlows and connections that shape placesMeaning, perception and attachment to placeHow places are representedEconomic restructuring and the Clark Fisher modelDeindustrialisation and social inequalityThe service economy and its impactsThe knowledge economy and clustersRebranding rural placesManaging change in rural placesRebranding urban placesManaging change in urban placesComparing a home place with a contrasting placeHow place change affects people's lives
Water and Carbon Cycles
Topic overviewThe water cycle as a global system and mass balanceGlobal water stores and residence timesCryospheric processes and sea-level changeDrainage basin inputs, stores and outputsFlows within the drainage basinRiver regimes and their controlsStorm hydrographs and hydrograph shapeAir uplift, cloud formation and precipitationExcess runoff and floodingDeficit in the water cycle and aquifer rechargeThe global carbon cycle and its storesCarbon pathways between land and the atmosphereCarbon transfers involving the oceansCarbon stores in biomes and land-use changeChanging carbon stores in peatlandsRising atmospheric carbon and its impactsFeedback within and between the water and carbon cycles
Global Migration
Topic overviewGlobalisation and a shrinking worldClassifying and mapping migrationCauses of international economic migrationConsequences and management of economic migrationRefugee movements and internal displacementRural-urban migration in developing countriesSuperpowers and global hub citiesMigration policy and public debate in the UKManaging refugee crisesInformal settlements in developing cities
Global Governance of the Oceans
Topic overviewSupranational institutions and global governanceLaws and agreements governing the oceansStrategic value of the oceans and maritime securityShipping, cables and illicit flowsSovereignty over ocean resourcesManaging marine environmentsOcean pollution and its managementGovernance across scales: an ocean case study
EcosystemsContemporary theme
Topic overviewThe value of ecosystems to peopleThe distribution of global biomesEcosystem structure, energy flow and productivityNutrient cycling in contrasting biomesMeasuring and threatening biodiversityConserving biodiversitySuccession and local ecosystemsThe Arctic tundra biomeSustainable use of the Arctic tundra
Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme
Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme
Development in an African ContextContemporary theme
Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme
Weather and ClimateContemporary theme
Fieldwork and Geographical Skills
Economic Growth and Challenge: India
- 6 subtopics
- 18 things to know
- A2 Unit 4
- A2 Unit 4, two contemporary themes chosen from four
What Economic Growth and Challenge: India covers
Economic Growth and Challenge: India is examined in A2 Unit 4, Contemporary Themes in Geography, where two optional themes are chosen from four; India, China and development in an African context are alternatives within one theme, Economic Growth and Challenge, so you study only one of them. It covers India's relief, drainage and climate, India's population, society and governance, India's resources, hazards and economic geography, India's global role and economic growth, environmental pressures of India's growth and sustainable development strategies in India.
Where it is assessed
A2 Unit 4
Contemporary Themes in Geography, where two optional themes are chosen from four.
Check the WJEC specification ↗The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- India's relief, drainage and climateThree great physical regions of India, three major river systems of the Indian subcontinent and three seasons of the Indian climatic year.Open →
- India's population, society and governanceDistribution of India's population, what is meant by a demographic dividend and two major Indian social programmes.Open →
- India's resources, hazards and economic geographyThree mineral or energy resources India possesses in quantity, how India's physical environment constrains agriculture and effect of a failed monsoon on the Indian economy.Open →
- India's global role and economic growthWhy India became a centre for outsourced services, two types of service commonly outsourced to India and global shift.Open →
- Environmental pressures of India's growthFour environmental pressures created by India's economic growth, how industrial growth has polluted Indian rivers and water security.Open →
- Sustainable development strategies in IndiaTwo national strategies India has used to reduce air pollution, one Indian strategy to improve water security and watershed development programme.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Assess the central tension in India's sustainable development.
Key term
Name the three great physical regions of India.
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What political system does India have?
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Name three mineral or energy resources India possesses in quantity.
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Describe the change in the structure of India's economy since 1991.
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Name four environmental pressures created by India's economic growth.
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Name the three major river systems of the Indian subcontinent.
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Give one way democratic governance shapes social policy in India.
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Why does India rely so heavily on coal?
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Why is India described as a service-led economy?
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Why is air quality so poor in northern Indian cities?
Key term
Describe the three seasons of the Indian climatic year.
Key term
Name two major Indian social programmes.
Key term
Explain how India's physical environment constrains agriculture.
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Define outsourcing.
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Give two health consequences of urban air pollution in India.
Key term
Describe one Indian strategy to improve water security.
Take Economic Growth and Challenge: India further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Outsourcing vs Offshoring
Outsourcing: contracting a business function out to a separate company, which may or may not be abroad. Offshoring: moving a business function to another country, whether it stays in-house or not.
Soft power vs Hard power
Soft power: influence exercised by attraction and persuasion, through culture, values and diplomacy. Hard power: influence exercised by coercion, through military force and economic pressure.
Drought vs Desertification
Drought: a temporary shortfall of rainfall, from which the land recovers when the rains return. Desertification: a lasting degradation of dryland to barren conditions, which persists after the rains return.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the three great physical regions of India.
Model answer
The Himalayas and their foothills in the north, the Indo-Gangetic plain across the north-centre, and the Deccan plateau of the peninsula.
- 2
Why is the Indo-Gangetic plain so agriculturally productive?
Model answer
It is a broad expanse of deep alluvium deposited by the Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra, flat, well watered and easily cultivated.
- 3
Name the three major river systems of the Indian subcontinent.
Model answer
The Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra.
- 4
How do the Himalayas influence India's climate?
Model answer
They block cold air moving south from central Asia and force the moist summer monsoon air to rise, producing very heavy rainfall on their southern slopes.
- 5
Describe the three seasons of the Indian climatic year.
Model answer
A cool dry season from roughly October to February, a hot dry season from March to May, and the wet south-west monsoon from June to September.
- 6
Explain the mechanism of the south-west monsoon.
Model answer
Intense summer heating over the landmass creates low pressure, drawing in moist air from the Indian Ocean, which is forced to rise over the land and releases very heavy rain.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Economic Growth and Challenge: India revision questions
- What does Economic Growth and Challenge: India cover in WJEC A-Level Geography?
- 6 subtopics: india's relief, drainage and climate, india's population, society and governance, india's resources, hazards and economic geography, india's global role and economic growth, environmental pressures of india's growth and sustainable development strategies in india. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Economic Growth and Challenge: India organised?
- By the WJEC 601-8455-3 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Economic Growth and Challenge: India, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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