Distinguish modifying the event from modifying vulnerability.

Modifying the event means physically altering the hazard itself, such as diverting a lava flow, while modifying vulnerability means changing how exposed the population is and how well it can cope.

How does modifying loss differ from those two approaches?

It accepts that the event and the damage will happen and concentrates on spreading the cost afterwards, through insurance, government compensation and international aid.

Give an example of a volcanic event being successfully modified.

At Heimaey in Iceland in 1973 sea water was pumped onto an advancing lava flow to chill and slow it, which saved the harbour the town depended on.

How are lahars managed on the flanks of a volcano?

Concrete sabo dams and lined channels are built across the valleys to trap the debris and steer the flow away from settlements.

WJEC A-Level Geography 601-8455-3

Coastal Landscapes

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Tectonic Hazards

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Changing Places

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Global Governance of the Oceans

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Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme

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Development in an African ContextContemporary theme

Topic overview Defining and measuring development Physical factors influencing development Economic factors influencing development Political, social and cultural factors in development The environmental cost of development Desertification Strategies to promote development

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Key Concepts in Geography

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Tectonic Hazards

Mitigation, response and the hazard management cycle

2 things to know
AS Unit 1 and A2 Unit 4

Overview

Four stages of the hazard management cycle, volcanic event being successfully modified and three features of aseismic building design.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

Name the four stages of the hazard management cycle.

Key term

What is meant by mitigation?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Name the four stages of the hazard management cycle.
Model answer
Response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness.
2
What is meant by mitigation?
Model answer
Mitigation is action taken in advance to reduce the impact of a future hazard, such as building codes, land-use zoning and physical defences.
3
Distinguish modifying the event from modifying vulnerability.
Model answer
Modifying the event means physically altering the hazard itself, such as diverting a lava flow, while modifying vulnerability means changing how exposed the population is and how well it can cope.
4
How does modifying loss differ from those two approaches?
Model answer
It accepts that the event and the damage will happen and concentrates on spreading the cost afterwards, through insurance, government compensation and international aid.
5
Give an example of a volcanic event being successfully modified.
Model answer
At Heimaey in Iceland in 1973 sea water was pumped onto an advancing lava flow to chill and slow it, which saved the harbour the town depended on.
6
How are lahars managed on the flanks of a volcano?
Model answer
Concrete sabo dams and lined channels are built across the valleys to trap the debris and steer the flow away from settlements.

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