Key term
CCEA AS-Level Nutrition and Food Science 3310
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrate
Vitamins
Minerals
Water and Other Fluids
Nutrition Through Life
Eating Patterns
Energy and Energy Balance
Overweight and Obesity
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Type 2 Diabetes
Alcohol
Type 2 Diabetes
- 4 subtopics
- 12 things to know
- AS 2
What Type 2 Diabetes covers
Type 2 Diabetes is examined in Unit AS 2, Diet, Lifestyle and Health — examined, compulsory. It covers definition and symptoms of Type 2 diabetes, risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, preventing Type 2 diabetes and managing Type 2 diabetes.
Where it is assessed
AS 2
Diet, Lifestyle and Health — a written examination.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 4 subtopics
Each one has its own page. CCEA AS Nutrition and Food Science students sit this topic in the first year.
- Definition and symptoms of Type 2 diabetesInsulin and insulin resistance, how Type 2 differs from Type 1, the symptoms and why they occur, HbA1c diagnosis, prediabetes and long-term complications.Open →
- Risk factors for Type 2 diabetesObesity and excess body fat, diet, sugary drinks, fibre, glycaemic index, meat, family history, ethnicity, age and inactivity as risk factors.Open →
- Preventing Type 2 diabetesThe Diabetes Prevention Program, justified recommendations on weight, sugar, fibre, low GI foods, fat, activity and alcohol, and whole-family prevention.Open →
- Managing Type 2 diabetesHbA1c targets, regular meals and carbohydrate awareness, the DiRECT trial and remission, activity, salt, oily fish, food labels and monitoring.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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A 45-year-old office worker carries excess weight around the waist and drinks two cans of cola a day. Propose three changes and justify each.
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Define Type 2 diabetes.
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What are the aims of managing Type 2 diabetes?
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What role does insulin play in keeping blood glucose normal after a meal?
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What is the strongest modifiable risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
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What did the US Diabetes Prevention Program (2002) show about lifestyle change?
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What HbA1c target is usually set for adults managing Type 2 diabetes by diet and lifestyle?
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What is insulin resistance?
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Explain how excess body fat leads to insulin resistance.
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What were the targets of the lifestyle programme in the Diabetes Prevention Program?
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Why are regular meals recommended for people managing Type 2 diabetes?
Take Type 2 Diabetes further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Type 1 diabetes vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes: an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Type 2 diabetes: a condition in which cells stop responding properly to insulin and output later falls.
Insulin resistance vs Insulin deficiency
Insulin resistance: a poor response of muscle, liver and fat cells to the glucose-lowering hormone. Insulin deficiency: too little of the glucose-lowering hormone being made by the pancreas.
HbA1c vs Fasting plasma glucose
HbA1c: a blood test reflecting average sugar levels over the previous two to three months. Fasting plasma glucose: a single blood sugar reading taken after at least eight hours without food.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define Type 2 diabetes.
Model answer
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition in which blood glucose stays too high. The body's cells resist insulin, and the pancreas cannot make enough extra insulin to compensate.
- 2
What role does insulin play in keeping blood glucose normal after a meal?
Model answer
Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin when blood glucose rises after a meal. Insulin makes muscle, liver and fat cells take up glucose, and the liver stores it as glycogen.
- 3
What is insulin resistance?
Model answer
Insulin resistance is a reduced response of muscle, liver and fat cells to insulin. More insulin is needed to move the same amount of glucose into cells.
- 4
How does Type 2 diabetes develop over time?
Model answer
Insulin resistance first makes the pancreas release more insulin to keep glucose normal. The beta cells can eventually wear out, and blood glucose then rises above normal.
- 5
How does Type 2 diabetes differ from Type 1 diabetes?
Model answer
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Type 2 diabetes is mainly insulin resistance and is strongly linked to lifestyle and body weight.
- 6
What proportion of people with diabetes in the UK have Type 2 diabetes?
Model answer
About 90% of people with diabetes in the UK have Type 2 diabetes (Diabetes UK, 2023).
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Type 2 Diabetes revision questions
- Is Type 2 Diabetes examined at AS in CCEA Nutrition and Food Science?
- Yes. It sits in AS 2, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does Type 2 Diabetes cover in CCEA AS-Level Nutrition and Food Science?
- 4 subtopics: definition and symptoms of type 2 diabetes, risk factors for type 2 diabetes, preventing type 2 diabetes and managing type 2 diabetes. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Type 2 Diabetes organised?
- By the CCEA 3310 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Type 2 Diabetes, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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