What are non-milk extrinsic sugars?

Non-milk extrinsic sugars are all extrinsic sugars except the lactose naturally present in milk and milk products. Table sugar, honey, syrups and the sugars in fruit juice are NMES.

Why is the lactose in milk treated differently from other extrinsic sugars?

Lactose in milk does not promote tooth decay the way other extrinsic sugars do. Milk also supplies calcium, phosphorus and protein, which help protect tooth enamel.

Why are non-milk extrinsic sugars damaging to teeth?

Bacteria in dental plaque ferment non-milk extrinsic sugars to acid. The acid dissolves tooth enamel, causing dental caries.

Why does the frequency of sugar intake matter for dental health?

Every sugary snack or drink starts a new acid attack on the enamel. Frequent sugar intake gives the enamel little time to remineralise between attacks.

CCEA A-Level Nutrition and Food Science 3310

Protein

Topic overview Functions of protein Amino acids, biological value and complementation Animal and plant sources of protein Novel protein sources Nitrogen balance and protein requirements

Fat

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Carbohydrate

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Carbohydrate

Intrinsic, extrinsic and non-milk extrinsic sugars

3 things to know
AS 1

Overview

Intrinsic, extrinsic and non-milk extrinsic sugars, their effect on teeth, free sugars and the 5% energy limit, and the Soft Drinks Industry Levy.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

A packed lunch contains an apple, a flavoured yoghurt and a carton of orange juice. Identify the intrinsic sugars, milk sugars and NMES in it.

Key term

What are intrinsic sugars?

Key term

What are extrinsic sugars?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What are intrinsic sugars?
Model answer
Intrinsic sugars are sugars held within the cell walls of food. The sugars in whole fruit and vegetables are intrinsic sugars.
2
What are extrinsic sugars?
Model answer
Extrinsic sugars are sugars that are not held within the cell structure of a food. Table sugar, honey and the lactose in milk are extrinsic sugars.
3
What are non-milk extrinsic sugars?
Model answer
Non-milk extrinsic sugars are all extrinsic sugars except the lactose naturally present in milk and milk products. Table sugar, honey, syrups and the sugars in fruit juice are NMES.
4
Why is the lactose in milk treated differently from other extrinsic sugars?
Model answer
Lactose in milk does not promote tooth decay the way other extrinsic sugars do. Milk also supplies calcium, phosphorus and protein, which help protect tooth enamel.
5
Why are non-milk extrinsic sugars damaging to teeth?
Model answer
Bacteria in dental plaque ferment non-milk extrinsic sugars to acid. The acid dissolves tooth enamel, causing dental caries.
6
Why does the frequency of sugar intake matter for dental health?
Model answer
Every sugary snack or drink starts a new acid attack on the enamel. Frequent sugar intake gives the enamel little time to remineralise between attacks.

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