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Criminal Psychology

Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Recidivism, prison, community sentencing and restorative justice, token economy and anger management programmes, and the strengths and weaknesses of each.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Evaluation

What are the strengths and weaknesses of community sentencing?

Evaluation

What are the strengths and weaknesses of restorative justice?

Evaluation

What are the strengths and weaknesses of token economy programmes?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is recidivism?

    Model answer

    Recidivism is reoffending by a person who has already been convicted and punished for a crime. Recidivism rates are used to judge how well punishments work.

  2. 2

    How is prison intended to reduce crime?

    Model answer

    Prison removes offenders from society so they cannot offend, and it is meant to deter future crime. Prisons also offer education and treatment programmes.

  3. 3

    What are the strengths of prison as a punishment?

    Model answer

    Prison protects the public from dangerous offenders while they are inside. Prisoners can take part in education, work and treatment programmes.

  4. 4

    What are the weaknesses of prison as a punishment?

    Model answer

    Many prisoners reoffend soon after release, especially after short sentences. Prisoners can lose their jobs, homes and family links, which makes going straight harder.

  5. 5

    Why might prison act as a ‘university of crime’?

    Model answer

    Offenders mix with more experienced criminals and can pick up new criminal skills and contacts. Social learning theory predicts that this mixing will increase reoffending.

  6. 6

    Why does the threat of punishment not stop some people offending?

    Model answer

    The rewards of crime are usually immediate, while punishment is delayed and uncertain. An offender who is not caught is reinforced by each successful crime.

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