What functions does eye contact serve in conversation?

Eye contact shows interest and attention. Eye contact also helps regulate turn-taking, as a speaker looks back at the listener to signal they are finishing.

What is the difference between an open and a closed posture?

An open posture, with arms and legs uncrossed, signals friendliness and approachability. A closed posture, with arms folded or legs crossed, signals defensiveness or discomfort.

What is postural echo?

Postural echo is copying another person's posture, often without realising. Postural echo signals rapport and agreement between people.

Edexcel GCSE Psychology 1PS0

Development

Topic overview Early brain development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Dweck's mindset theory and Willingham's learning theory The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study The development of morality

Memory

Topic overview Information processing, duration and capacity Retrograde and anterograde amnesia Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory The multi-store model, reductionism and holism War of the Ghosts and the Peterson and Peterson study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Symptoms of depression and addiction Incidence and effects of mental health problems Explaining depression Explaining addiction Treating depression and addiction Key studies and the nature–nurture debate

The Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview Lobes of the brain and the effects of damage Lateralisation and Sperry's split-brain study Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system Phineas Gage and how brain research has changed

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity to majority influence Obedience to authority Bystander intervention Crowd behaviour, society and culture Piliavin's subway study and the Stanford prison study

Criminal PsychologyOptional topic

Topic overview Operant conditioning and social learning explanations of crime Eysenck's criminal personality theory Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation Bandura's Bobo doll study and Charlton's St Helena study

The SelfOptional topic

Topic overview Self-concept and influences on self-esteem Erikson's identity stages and belief in free will Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory Measuring personality and trait theory Vohs and Schooler's cheating study and Van Houtte and Jarvis's pet study

PerceptionOptional topic

Topic overview Depth cues, visual illusions and constancies Gibson's direct theory and Gregory's constructivist theory Perceptual set The Haber and Levin and Carmichael studies

Sleep and DreamingOptional topic

Topic overview Sleep stages and the sleep cycle Influences on sleep and sleep disorders Freud's theory of dreaming and activation synthesis theory Freud's Little Hans and Siffre's cave study

Language, Thought and CommunicationOptional topic

Topic overview Piaget and Vygotsky on language and thought Linguistic relativism and determinism Human and animal communication Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

Research Methods

Topic overview Variables, hypotheses and controls Sampling methods Experiments and experimental designs Interviews, questionnaires and types of data Correlations, case studies and observations Ethical issues in psychological research Evaluating studies and the core areas of psychology Averages, calculations and graphs

Language, Thought and Communication

Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory

3 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

Facial expressions, eye contact, posture, postural echo, gestures, personal space and Hall's zones, cultural differences, and Darwin's evolutionary theory of expression.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is non-verbal communication?

Key term

What can facial expressions communicate?

Key term

Which six basic emotions are said to be recognised from the face in all cultures?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is non-verbal communication?
Model answer
Non-verbal communication is passing on messages without words. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, body language and personal space.
2
What can facial expressions communicate?
Model answer
Facial expressions mainly communicate emotions such as happiness, anger and fear. Facial expressions also signal interest or understanding during a conversation.
3
Which six basic emotions are said to be recognised from the face in all cultures?
Model answer
The six basic emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise.
4
What functions does eye contact serve in conversation?
Model answer
Eye contact shows interest and attention. Eye contact also helps regulate turn-taking, as a speaker looks back at the listener to signal they are finishing.
5
What is the difference between an open and a closed posture?
Model answer
An open posture, with arms and legs uncrossed, signals friendliness and approachability. A closed posture, with arms folded or legs crossed, signals defensiveness or discomfort.
6
What is postural echo?
Model answer
Postural echo is copying another person's posture, often without realising. Postural echo signals rapport and agreement between people.

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Development

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Psychological Problems

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