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The Brain and Neuropsychology

Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Dendrites and axons, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitters, excitatory and inhibitory effects, and the brain and spinal cord as the central nervous system.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is a neuron?

Key term

What is the function of dendrites?

Key term

What is the function of the axon?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is a neuron?

    Model answer

    A neuron is a nerve cell that carries electrical and chemical messages.

  2. 2

    What is the function of dendrites?

    Model answer

    Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and carry them towards the cell body.

  3. 3

    What is the function of the axon?

    Model answer

    The axon carries the electrical impulse away from the cell body towards the axon terminals.

  4. 4

    What is a synapse?

    Model answer

    A synapse is the junction between two neurons. The synapse includes a tiny space called the synaptic gap.

  5. 5

    What is a neurotransmitter?

    Model answer

    A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries signals across a synapse.

  6. 6

    Describe what happens when an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron.

    Model answer

    The impulse causes vesicles in the axon terminal to release neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap to the next neuron.

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