What did Piaget and Inhelder find with four-year-olds?

Four-year-olds usually chose the picture showing their own view. Four-year-olds seemed unaware that the doll saw something different.

At what age did children reliably choose the doll's view in the three mountains task?

Children aged seven to eight consistently chose the doll's view correctly.

What did Piaget and Inhelder conclude from the three mountains task?

Children below about seven are egocentric. Egocentrism fades as children enter the concrete operational stage.

Edexcel GCSE Psychology 1PS0

Development

Topic overview Early brain development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Dweck's mindset theory and Willingham's learning theory The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study The development of morality

Memory

Topic overview Information processing, duration and capacity Retrograde and anterograde amnesia Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory The multi-store model, reductionism and holism War of the Ghosts and the Peterson and Peterson study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Symptoms of depression and addiction Incidence and effects of mental health problems Explaining depression Explaining addiction Treating depression and addiction Key studies and the nature–nurture debate

The Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview Lobes of the brain and the effects of damage Lateralisation and Sperry's split-brain study Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system Phineas Gage and how brain research has changed

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity to majority influence Obedience to authority Bystander intervention Crowd behaviour, society and culture Piliavin's subway study and the Stanford prison study

Criminal PsychologyOptional topic

Topic overview Operant conditioning and social learning explanations of crime Eysenck's criminal personality theory Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation Bandura's Bobo doll study and Charlton's St Helena study

The SelfOptional topic

Topic overview Self-concept and influences on self-esteem Erikson's identity stages and belief in free will Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory Measuring personality and trait theory Vohs and Schooler's cheating study and Van Houtte and Jarvis's pet study

PerceptionOptional topic

Topic overview Depth cues, visual illusions and constancies Gibson's direct theory and Gregory's constructivist theory Perceptual set The Haber and Levin and Carmichael studies

Sleep and DreamingOptional topic

Topic overview Sleep stages and the sleep cycle Influences on sleep and sleep disorders Freud's theory of dreaming and activation synthesis theory Freud's Little Hans and Siffre's cave study

Language, Thought and CommunicationOptional topic

Topic overview Piaget and Vygotsky on language and thought Linguistic relativism and determinism Human and animal communication Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

Research Methods

Topic overview Variables, hypotheses and controls Sampling methods Experiments and experimental designs Interviews, questionnaires and types of data Correlations, case studies and observations Ethical issues in psychological research Evaluating studies and the core areas of psychology Averages, calculations and graphs

Development

The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Piaget and Inhelder's three mountains task on egocentrism, and Gunderson's study of parents' process and person praise and children's later mindsets.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

Outline the procedure of the three mountains task.

Key term

What was the aim of Piaget and Inhelder's (1956) three mountains task?

Key term

Describe the model used in the three mountains task.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What was the aim of Piaget and Inhelder's (1956) three mountains task?
Model answer
Piaget and Inhelder aimed to find the age at which children can see a scene from another person's viewpoint. The study tested egocentrism.
2
Describe the model used in the three mountains task.
Model answer
The model showed three mountains of different sizes and colours. Each mountain had a distinguishing feature, such as snow or a house on top.
3
Outline the procedure of the three mountains task.
Model answer
A child aged between about four and twelve sat on one side of the model. A doll was placed at different positions around the model. The child chose a picture showing what the doll could see.
4
What did Piaget and Inhelder find with four-year-olds?
Model answer
Four-year-olds usually chose the picture showing their own view. Four-year-olds seemed unaware that the doll saw something different.
5
At what age did children reliably choose the doll's view in the three mountains task?
Model answer
Children aged seven to eight consistently chose the doll's view correctly.
6
What did Piaget and Inhelder conclude from the three mountains task?
Model answer
Children below about seven are egocentric. Egocentrism fades as children enter the concrete operational stage.

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Development

Memory

Psychological Problems

The Brain and Neuropsychology

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