What is collective behaviour?

Collective behaviour is the way people act together as a group in a crowd, often spontaneously. A crowd can behave in ways few of its members would alone.

What is anti-social crowd behaviour?

Anti-social crowd behaviour harms other people or property. Riots, looting and violence between rival football fans are examples.

What is pro-social crowd behaviour?

Pro-social crowd behaviour benefits others. Crowds raising money at charity events and people working together after a disaster are examples.

Edexcel GCSE Psychology 1PS0

Development

Topic overview Early brain development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Dweck's mindset theory and Willingham's learning theory The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study The development of morality

Memory

Topic overview Information processing, duration and capacity Retrograde and anterograde amnesia Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory The multi-store model, reductionism and holism War of the Ghosts and the Peterson and Peterson study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Symptoms of depression and addiction Incidence and effects of mental health problems Explaining depression Explaining addiction Treating depression and addiction Key studies and the nature–nurture debate

The Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview Lobes of the brain and the effects of damage Lateralisation and Sperry's split-brain study Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system Phineas Gage and how brain research has changed

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity to majority influence Obedience to authority Bystander intervention Crowd behaviour, society and culture Piliavin's subway study and the Stanford prison study

Criminal PsychologyOptional topic

Topic overview Operant conditioning and social learning explanations of crime Eysenck's criminal personality theory Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation Bandura's Bobo doll study and Charlton's St Helena study

The SelfOptional topic

Topic overview Self-concept and influences on self-esteem Erikson's identity stages and belief in free will Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory Measuring personality and trait theory Vohs and Schooler's cheating study and Van Houtte and Jarvis's pet study

PerceptionOptional topic

Topic overview Depth cues, visual illusions and constancies Gibson's direct theory and Gregory's constructivist theory Perceptual set The Haber and Levin and Carmichael studies

Sleep and DreamingOptional topic

Topic overview Sleep stages and the sleep cycle Influences on sleep and sleep disorders Freud's theory of dreaming and activation synthesis theory Freud's Little Hans and Siffre's cave study

Language, Thought and CommunicationOptional topic

Topic overview Piaget and Vygotsky on language and thought Linguistic relativism and determinism Human and animal communication Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

Research Methods

Topic overview Variables, hypotheses and controls Sampling methods Experiments and experimental designs Interviews, questionnaires and types of data Correlations, case studies and observations Ethical issues in psychological research Evaluating studies and the core areas of psychology Averages, calculations and graphs

Social Influence

Crowd behaviour, society and culture

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Deindividuation and anonymity, Zimbardo's hooded participants and Diener's trick-or-treat study, pro-social and anti-social crowds, social identity, and cultural bias in social influence research.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is deindividuation?

Key term

Why does anonymity lead to deindividuation?

Key term

What did Zimbardo (1969) find when participants wore hoods?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is deindividuation?
Model answer
Deindividuation is the loss of a sense of personal identity when a person is part of a crowd or is anonymous. People may then act in ways they normally would not.
2
Why does anonymity lead to deindividuation?
Model answer
Anonymity makes people feel they cannot be identified or held responsible. Personal standards and fear of punishment then have less control over behaviour.
3
What did Zimbardo (1969) find when participants wore hoods?
Model answer
Women wearing hoods and baggy lab coats gave longer electric shocks than women who wore name tags. Anonymity appeared to reduce their restraint.
4
What is collective behaviour?
Model answer
Collective behaviour is the way people act together as a group in a crowd, often spontaneously. A crowd can behave in ways few of its members would alone.
5
What is anti-social crowd behaviour?
Model answer
Anti-social crowd behaviour harms other people or property. Riots, looting and violence between rival football fans are examples.
6
What is pro-social crowd behaviour?
Model answer
Pro-social crowd behaviour benefits others. Crowds raising money at charity events and people working together after a disaster are examples.

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Development

Memory

Psychological Problems

The Brain and Neuropsychology

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AThe median is 10.

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CThe middle two scores give (9 + 11) ÷ 2 = 10.

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Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Short-term memory can hold about 7 ± 2 items at once.

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