What are conditions of worth?

Conditions of worth are the standards a person believes they must meet to be loved or valued. A child may believe they are worthwhile only if they are good at sport.

How do conditions of worth lead to incongruence?

A person with conditions of worth builds an ideal self around other people's standards. Any failure to meet those standards widens the gap between self-image and ideal self.

How does the humanistic approach explain the development of self-esteem?

Rogers argued that self-esteem develops from the positive regard a child receives from others. Unconditional positive regard leads to high self-esteem, while conditional positive regard can lower it.

Edexcel GCSE Psychology 1PS0

Development

Topic overview Early brain development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Dweck's mindset theory and Willingham's learning theory The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study The development of morality

Memory

Topic overview Information processing, duration and capacity Retrograde and anterograde amnesia Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory The multi-store model, reductionism and holism War of the Ghosts and the Peterson and Peterson study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Symptoms of depression and addiction Incidence and effects of mental health problems Explaining depression Explaining addiction Treating depression and addiction Key studies and the nature–nurture debate

The Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview Lobes of the brain and the effects of damage Lateralisation and Sperry's split-brain study Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system Phineas Gage and how brain research has changed

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity to majority influence Obedience to authority Bystander intervention Crowd behaviour, society and culture Piliavin's subway study and the Stanford prison study

Criminal PsychologyOptional topic

Topic overview Operant conditioning and social learning explanations of crime Eysenck's criminal personality theory Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation Bandura's Bobo doll study and Charlton's St Helena study

The SelfOptional topic

Topic overview Self-concept and influences on self-esteem Erikson's identity stages and belief in free will Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory Measuring personality and trait theory Vohs and Schooler's cheating study and Van Houtte and Jarvis's pet study

PerceptionOptional topic

Topic overview Depth cues, visual illusions and constancies Gibson's direct theory and Gregory's constructivist theory Perceptual set The Haber and Levin and Carmichael studies

Sleep and DreamingOptional topic

Topic overview Sleep stages and the sleep cycle Influences on sleep and sleep disorders Freud's theory of dreaming and activation synthesis theory Freud's Little Hans and Siffre's cave study

Language, Thought and CommunicationOptional topic

Topic overview Piaget and Vygotsky on language and thought Linguistic relativism and determinism Human and animal communication Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

Research Methods

Topic overview Variables, hypotheses and controls Sampling methods Experiments and experimental designs Interviews, questionnaires and types of data Correlations, case studies and observations Ethical issues in psychological research Evaluating studies and the core areas of psychology Averages, calculations and graphs

The Self

Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory

3 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

Unconditional and conditional positive regard, conditions of worth and incongruence, client-centred therapy, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs and self-actualisation.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is the humanistic approach to the self?

Key term

What is unconditional positive regard?

Key term

What is conditional positive regard?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is the humanistic approach to the self?
Model answer
The humanistic approach sees each person as unique, with free will and a natural drive to grow. The approach focuses on a person's own view of themselves.
2
What is unconditional positive regard?
Model answer
Unconditional positive regard is love and acceptance given to a person whatever they do. Rogers believed children need it to develop healthy self-esteem.
3
What is conditional positive regard?
Model answer
Conditional positive regard is love and approval given only when a person behaves in the ways others want. A child praised only for top marks receives conditional positive regard.
4
What are conditions of worth?
Model answer
Conditions of worth are the standards a person believes they must meet to be loved or valued. A child may believe they are worthwhile only if they are good at sport.
5
How do conditions of worth lead to incongruence?
Model answer
A person with conditions of worth builds an ideal self around other people's standards. Any failure to meet those standards widens the gap between self-image and ideal self.
6
How does the humanistic approach explain the development of self-esteem?
Model answer
Rogers argued that self-esteem develops from the positive regard a child receives from others. Unconditional positive regard leads to high self-esteem, while conditional positive regard can lower it.

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Development

Memory

Psychological Problems

The Brain and Neuropsychology

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