Whose theory describes pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional morality?

Lawrence Kohlberg described these three levels of moral reasoning. Kohlberg built on Piaget's cognitive developmental approach.

Describe pre-conventional morality.

Pre-conventional morality judges right and wrong by the consequences for oneself. Actions are seen as wrong if punished and right if rewarded.

Describe conventional morality.

Conventional morality judges actions by whether they meet the expectations of other people and society. Laws and the approval of others matter most at this level.

Edexcel GCSE Psychology 1PS0

Development

Topic overview Early brain development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Dweck's mindset theory and Willingham's learning theory The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study The development of morality

Memory

Topic overview Information processing, duration and capacity Retrograde and anterograde amnesia Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory The multi-store model, reductionism and holism War of the Ghosts and the Peterson and Peterson study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Symptoms of depression and addiction Incidence and effects of mental health problems Explaining depression Explaining addiction Treating depression and addiction Key studies and the nature–nurture debate

The Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview Lobes of the brain and the effects of damage Lateralisation and Sperry's split-brain study Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system Phineas Gage and how brain research has changed

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity to majority influence Obedience to authority Bystander intervention Crowd behaviour, society and culture Piliavin's subway study and the Stanford prison study

Criminal PsychologyOptional topic

Topic overview Operant conditioning and social learning explanations of crime Eysenck's criminal personality theory Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation Bandura's Bobo doll study and Charlton's St Helena study

The SelfOptional topic

Topic overview Self-concept and influences on self-esteem Erikson's identity stages and belief in free will Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory Measuring personality and trait theory Vohs and Schooler's cheating study and Van Houtte and Jarvis's pet study

PerceptionOptional topic

Topic overview Depth cues, visual illusions and constancies Gibson's direct theory and Gregory's constructivist theory Perceptual set The Haber and Levin and Carmichael studies

Sleep and DreamingOptional topic

Topic overview Sleep stages and the sleep cycle Influences on sleep and sleep disorders Freud's theory of dreaming and activation synthesis theory Freud's Little Hans and Siffre's cave study

Language, Thought and CommunicationOptional topic

Topic overview Piaget and Vygotsky on language and thought Linguistic relativism and determinism Human and animal communication Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

Research Methods

Topic overview Variables, hypotheses and controls Sampling methods Experiments and experimental designs Interviews, questionnaires and types of data Correlations, case studies and observations Ethical issues in psychological research Evaluating studies and the core areas of psychology Averages, calculations and graphs

Development

The development of morality

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Morality and morals, Kohlberg's pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional levels, Piaget's research on moral judgement, and the link with cognitive development.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What does the term morality mean?

Key term

What are a person's morals?

Key term

What does it mean to describe an action as moral?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What does the term morality mean?
Model answer
Morality is a set of principles about which behaviour is right and which is wrong.
2
What are a person's morals?
Model answer
Morals are the personal standards a person uses to judge whether actions are right or wrong.
3
What does it mean to describe an action as moral?
Model answer
A moral action is one that fits accepted standards of right behaviour.
4
Whose theory describes pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional morality?
Model answer
Lawrence Kohlberg described these three levels of moral reasoning. Kohlberg built on Piaget's cognitive developmental approach.
5
Describe pre-conventional morality.
Model answer
Pre-conventional morality judges right and wrong by the consequences for oneself. Actions are seen as wrong if punished and right if rewarded.
6
Describe conventional morality.
Model answer
Conventional morality judges actions by whether they meet the expectations of other people and society. Laws and the approval of others matter most at this level.

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Development

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Psychological Problems

The Brain and Neuropsychology

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