Describe the procedure of Yuki et al.'s first study.

Japanese and American university students rated emoticons that combined happy or sad eyes with happy or sad mouths. Each face was rated on a scale from extremely sad to extremely happy.

Describe the procedure of Yuki et al.'s second study.

Photographs of real faces were edited so the eyes and mouth showed different emotions. Participants rated how happy or sad each face appeared.

What did Yuki et al. find?

Japanese participants gave more weight to the eyes when judging emotion. American participants gave more weight to the mouth.

What did Yuki et al. conclude?

Culture affects which facial cues people use to read emotion. The researchers linked the Japanese focus on the eyes to norms of emotional restraint, as eyes are harder to control.

Edexcel GCSE Psychology 1PS0

Development

Topic overview Early brain development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Dweck's mindset theory and Willingham's learning theory The three mountains task and Gunderson's praise study The development of morality

Memory

Topic overview Information processing, duration and capacity Retrograde and anterograde amnesia Bartlett's theory of reconstructive memory The multi-store model, reductionism and holism War of the Ghosts and the Peterson and Peterson study

Psychological Problems

Topic overview Symptoms of depression and addiction Incidence and effects of mental health problems Explaining depression Explaining addiction Treating depression and addiction Key studies and the nature–nurture debate

The Brain and Neuropsychology

Topic overview Lobes of the brain and the effects of damage Lateralisation and Sperry's split-brain study Neurons, synapses and the central nervous system Phineas Gage and how brain research has changed

Social Influence

Topic overview Conformity to majority influence Obedience to authority Bystander intervention Crowd behaviour, society and culture Piliavin's subway study and the Stanford prison study

Criminal PsychologyOptional topic

Topic overview Operant conditioning and social learning explanations of crime Eysenck's criminal personality theory Punishment, recidivism and rehabilitation Bandura's Bobo doll study and Charlton's St Helena study

The SelfOptional topic

Topic overview Self-concept and influences on self-esteem Erikson's identity stages and belief in free will Rogers' and Maslow's humanistic theory Measuring personality and trait theory Vohs and Schooler's cheating study and Van Houtte and Jarvis's pet study

PerceptionOptional topic

Topic overview Depth cues, visual illusions and constancies Gibson's direct theory and Gregory's constructivist theory Perceptual set The Haber and Levin and Carmichael studies

Sleep and DreamingOptional topic

Topic overview Sleep stages and the sleep cycle Influences on sleep and sleep disorders Freud's theory of dreaming and activation synthesis theory Freud's Little Hans and Siffre's cave study

Language, Thought and CommunicationOptional topic

Topic overview Piaget and Vygotsky on language and thought Linguistic relativism and determinism Human and animal communication Non-verbal communication and Darwin's evolutionary theory The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

Research Methods

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Language, Thought and Communication

The Yuki and Boroditsky studies

3 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

Yuki's study of eyes and mouths in American and Japanese emoticons, and Boroditsky's study of how English and Mandarin speakers think about time.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

Describe the procedure of Boroditsky's first experiment.

Key term

What was the aim of Yuki et al.'s (2007) study?

Key term

What difference in emoticons helped inspire Yuki et al.'s study?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What was the aim of Yuki et al.'s (2007) study?
Model answer
Yuki and colleagues aimed to find out whether Japanese and American people use different facial cues to judge emotion. The study compared the weight each group gave to the eyes and the mouth.
2
What difference in emoticons helped inspire Yuki et al.'s study?
Model answer
Japanese emoticons tend to show emotion through the eyes, such as (^_^). American emoticons tend to show emotion mainly through the shape of the mouth.
3
Describe the procedure of Yuki et al.'s first study.
Model answer
Japanese and American university students rated emoticons that combined happy or sad eyes with happy or sad mouths. Each face was rated on a scale from extremely sad to extremely happy.
4
Describe the procedure of Yuki et al.'s second study.
Model answer
Photographs of real faces were edited so the eyes and mouth showed different emotions. Participants rated how happy or sad each face appeared.
5
What did Yuki et al. find?
Model answer
Japanese participants gave more weight to the eyes when judging emotion. American participants gave more weight to the mouth.
6
What did Yuki et al. conclude?
Model answer
Culture affects which facial cues people use to read emotion. The researchers linked the Japanese focus on the eyes to norms of emotional restraint, as eyes are harder to control.

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Development

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