Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches

What Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches covers

Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches is examined on AS Unit 1 of WJEC Psychology, Psychology: Past to Present. 420 recall questions across 34 subtopics.

The 34 subtopics

Each one has its own page. WJEC AS Psychology students sit this topic in the first year.

• The Biological Approach: assumptions of the approach and applying the assumptions to the formation of relationshipsThe three biological assumptions, evolution, localisation of function and neurotransmitters, and how each explains who we are attracted to and how relationships form.Open →
• The Biological Approach: love chemicals, strengths and weaknessesThe chemicals linked to moving from attraction to attachment and the serotonin finding in new lovers, then the approach's methodological and practical strengths, twin studies, and the charges of reductionism and determinism.Open →
• Biological Therapy: Drug Therapy or Psychosurgery — how the approach is used in therapyRecall questions on psychosurgery.Open →
• Biological Therapy: Drug Therapy or Psychosurgery — effectiveness of the therapyRecall questions on criticising medication as a chemical straitjacket.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Biological): Raine, Buchsbaum and LaCasse (1997) — methodology and findingsRecall questions on Raine, Buchsbaum, LaCasse — methodology and findings.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Biological): Raine, Buchsbaum and LaCasse (1997) — conclusionsRecall questions on Raine, Buchsbaum and LaCasse — conclusions.Open →
• The Psychodynamic Approach: assumptions of the approachRecall questions on fixation.Open →
• The Psychodynamic Approach: personality, defence mechanisms and the formation of relationshipsDefence mechanisms, the id, ego and superego, and how early childhood and fixation are used to explain the partners we choose.Open →
• The Psychodynamic Approach: strengths and weaknesses of the approachRecall questions on strengths and weaknesses of the approach.Open →
• Psychodynamic Therapy: Dream Analysis or Group Analysis Psychotherapy — how the approach is usedRecall questions on central claim of Freud's dream theory, dreamwork, condensation as a dreamwork process, secondary elaboration, therapist's basic task in dream analysis and guiding principle of group analysis.Open →
• Psychodynamic Therapy: Dream Analysis or Group Analysis Psychotherapy — effectiveness of the therapyRecall questions on free-floating discussion, matrix in group analysis and mirroring in a therapy group.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Psychodynamic): Bowlby (1944) — methodology, procedures and findingsRecall questions on Bowlby — methodology, procedures and findings.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Psychodynamic): Bowlby (1944) — conclusions, ethical issues and social implicationsRecall questions on Bowlby — conclusions, ethical issues and social implications.Open →
• The Behaviourist Approach: assumptions of the approachRecall questions on classical conditioning, operant conditioning and shaping.Open →
• The Behaviourist Approach: applying the assumptions to relationships, strengths and weaknessesHow operant and classical conditioning explain forming and staying in a relationship, the reward model of attraction, and the approach's strengths, optimism and its criticisms as mechanistic and environmentally determinist.Open →
• Behaviourist Therapy: Aversion Therapy or Systematic Desensitisation — how the approach is usedRecall questions on counter-conditioning, reciprocal inhibition and anxiety hierarchy.Open →
• Behaviourist Therapy: Aversion Therapy or Systematic Desensitisation — effectiveness of the therapyRecall questions on central ethical objection to aversion therapy.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Behaviourist): Watson and Rayner (1920) — methodology, procedures and findingsRecall questions on Watson, Rayner — methodology, procedures and findings.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Behaviourist): Watson and Rayner (1920) — conclusionsRecall questions on Watson and Rayner — conclusions.Open →
• The Cognitive Approach: assumptions of the approach and applying the assumptions to the formation of relationshipsSchemas, the computer analogy and internal mental processes, with the costs and benefits of schemas and how the approach explains the formation of relationships.Open →
• The Cognitive Approach: strengths and weaknesses of the approachRecall questions on strengths and weaknesses of the approach.Open →
• Cognitive Therapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or Rational Emotive Behaviour TherapyRecall questions on three elements of Beck's cognitive triad, negative automatic thought, thought diary used for, Socratic questioning and central claim of the ABC model.Open →
• Cognitive Therapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (2)Eleven recall questions on cognitive Therapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (2).Open →
• Classic Evidence (Cognitive): Loftus and Palmer (1974) — methodology, procedures and findingsRecall questions on Loftus, Palmer — methodology, procedures and findings.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Cognitive): Loftus and Palmer (1974) — conclusionsRecall questions on Loftus and Palmer — conclusions.Open →
• The Positive Approach: assumptions of the approachRecall questions on signature strength.Open →
• The Positive Approach: applying the assumptions to the formation of relationshipsRecall questions on flow, and who described it.Open →
• The Positive Approach: strengths and weaknesses of the approachRecall questions on strengths and weaknesses of the approach.Open →
• Positive Therapy: Mindfulness or Quality of Life Therapy — how the approach is used in therapyRecall questions on mindfulness, breathing space used for and Quality of Life Inventory used for.Open →
• Positive Therapy: Mindfulness or Quality of Life Therapy — assumptions in practice, effectiveness and ethicsHow free will and the good life shape mindfulness and quality of life therapy, the evidence for and against their effectiveness, and the ethical strengths and concerns of each, including regulation and workplace courses.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Positive): Myers and Diener (1995) — methodology, procedures and findingsRecall questions on Myers, Diener — methodology, procedures and findings.Open →
• Classic Evidence (Positive): Myers and Diener (1995) — conclusionsRecall questions on Myers and Diener — conclusions.Open →
• Comparison of the Five Approaches: biological approach and psychodynamic approachRecall questions on biological approach and psychodynamic approach.Open →
• Comparison of the Five Approaches: behaviourist approach, cognitive approach and positive approachRecall questions on behaviourist approach, cognitive approach and positive approach.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• Manifest content vs Latent content

  Manifest content: the dream as the dreamer tells it. Latent content: the hidden wish behind it.

• In Loftus and Palmer's research, response bias vs In Loftus and Palmer's research, memory alteration

  In Loftus and Palmer's research, response bias: a leading question changing only the answer given at the time. In Loftus and Palmer's research, memory alteration: a leading question changing what is stored, which is why the effect survived a week.

• Classical conditioning vs Operant conditioning

  Classical conditioning: linking two stimuli so that a reflex transfers from one to the other. Operant conditioning: changing the frequency of a voluntary act through its consequences.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   Name the three assumptions of the biological approach.

   Model answer

   Evolutionary influences, localisation of brain function, and the action of neurotransmitters.

2. 2

   Explain what is meant by an evolutionary influence on behaviour.

   Model answer

   A behaviour that helped ancestors survive and reproduce was passed on genetically, so it persists today as an inherited adaptation.

3. 3

   Whose theory of natural selection underpins the evolutionary assumption, and in what year was it published?

   Model answer

   Charles Darwin's, in On the Origin of Species in 1859.

4. 4

   Why does the evolutionary assumption treat a widespread fear of snakes and spiders as adaptive?

   Model answer

   Ancestors who avoided venomous animals were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, so a readiness to fear them was inherited.

5. 5

   Define localisation of function.

   Model answer

   The principle that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific behaviours and mental processes.

6. 6

   Which brain area is associated with the production of speech, and where is it found?

   Model answer

   Broca's area, in the left frontal lobe.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches revision questions

Is Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches examined at AS in WJEC Psychology?

Yes. It sits in AS Unit 1, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.

What does Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches cover in WJEC AS-Level Psychology?

34 subtopics: the biological approach: assumptions of the approach and applying the assumptions to the formation of relationships, the biological approach: love chemicals, strengths and weaknesses, biological therapy: drug therapy or psychosurgery — how the approach is used in therapy, biological therapy: drug therapy or psychosurgery — effectiveness of the therapy, classic evidence (biological): raine, buchsbaum and lacasse (1997) — methodology and findings, classic evidence (biological): raine, buchsbaum and lacasse (1997) — conclusions, the psychodynamic approach: assumptions of the approach, the psychodynamic approach: personality, defence mechanisms and the formation of relationships, the psychodynamic approach: strengths and weaknesses of the approach, psychodynamic therapy: dream analysis or group analysis psychotherapy — how the approach is used, psychodynamic therapy: dream analysis or group analysis psychotherapy — effectiveness of the therapy, classic evidence (psychodynamic): bowlby (1944) — methodology, procedures and findings, classic evidence (psychodynamic): bowlby (1944) — conclusions, ethical issues and social implications, the behaviourist approach: assumptions of the approach, the behaviourist approach: applying the assumptions to relationships, strengths and weaknesses, behaviourist therapy: aversion therapy or systematic desensitisation — how the approach is used, behaviourist therapy: aversion therapy or systematic desensitisation — effectiveness of the therapy, classic evidence (behaviourist): watson and rayner (1920) — methodology, procedures and findings, classic evidence (behaviourist): watson and rayner (1920) — conclusions, the cognitive approach: assumptions of the approach and applying the assumptions to the formation of relationships, the cognitive approach: strengths and weaknesses of the approach, cognitive therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy or rational emotive behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy or rational emotive behaviour therapy (2), classic evidence (cognitive): loftus and palmer (1974) — methodology, procedures and findings, classic evidence (cognitive): loftus and palmer (1974) — conclusions, the positive approach: assumptions of the approach, the positive approach: applying the assumptions to the formation of relationships, the positive approach: strengths and weaknesses of the approach, positive therapy: mindfulness or quality of life therapy — how the approach is used in therapy, positive therapy: mindfulness or quality of life therapy — assumptions in practice, effectiveness and ethics, classic evidence (positive): myers and diener (1995) — methodology, procedures and findings, classic evidence (positive): myers and diener (1995) — conclusions, comparison of the five approaches: biological approach and psychodynamic approach and comparison of the five approaches: behaviourist approach, cognitive approach and positive approach. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is Psychology Past to Present — The Five Approaches organised?

By the WJEC 601-5719-7 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.