What is an anticipatory rise in heart rate?

An anticipatory rise is an increase in heart rate just before exercise begins. Adrenaline released through excitement or nerves prepares the body for activity.

How does stroke volume change during exercise?

Stroke volume increases during exercise. More blood returns to the heart and the ventricles contract more forcefully, pushing out more blood per beat.

Why does cardiac output rise so sharply during exercise?

Cardiac output is stroke volume multiplied by heart rate, and both increase during exercise. The heart can pump several times more blood per minute than at rest.

A cyclist has a stroke volume of 110 ml and a heart rate of 160 bpm. Calculate the cardiac output.

The cardiac output is 17.6 litres per minute. Cardiac output = 110 ml × 160 bpm = 17,600 ml per minute.

OCR GCSE Physical Education J587

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and functions of the skeleton Synovial joints and the movements they allow Major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs The cardiovascular system The respiratory system and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Short-term effects of exercise Long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Components of fitness Fitness tests and fitness data Collecting and presenting data Principles of training FITT and training zones Training methods Warm-ups and cool-downs Preventing injury and sports hazards

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation in physical activity and sport Participation trends in England Commercialisation, the media and sponsorship Sportsmanship, gamesmanship, deviance and violence Drugs in sport

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Skilful movement and the classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Mental preparation Types of guidance Types of feedback

Health, Fitness and Well-Being

Topic overview Health, fitness and the physical benefits of exercise Emotional and social benefits of activity Components of a balanced diet Diet, hydration and energy use

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Short-term effects of exercise

3 things to know
J587/01

Overview

Rises in muscle temperature, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, breathing rate and tidal volume with worked calculations, redistribution of blood flow, and lactic acid.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Describe how a heart rate graph changes from rest, through a steady 20-minute jog, to recovery.

Key term

What happens to muscle temperature during exercise, and how does this help performance?

Key term

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What happens to muscle temperature during exercise, and how does this help performance?
Model answer
Muscle temperature rises because respiration in the working muscles releases heat. Warmer muscles are more pliable and contract more quickly.
2
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
Model answer
The working muscles need more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide. A faster heart rate pumps more blood to deliver the oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide.
3
What is an anticipatory rise in heart rate?
Model answer
An anticipatory rise is an increase in heart rate just before exercise begins. Adrenaline released through excitement or nerves prepares the body for activity.
4
How does stroke volume change during exercise?
Model answer
Stroke volume increases during exercise. More blood returns to the heart and the ventricles contract more forcefully, pushing out more blood per beat.
5
Why does cardiac output rise so sharply during exercise?
Model answer
Cardiac output is stroke volume multiplied by heart rate, and both increase during exercise. The heart can pump several times more blood per minute than at rest.
6
A cyclist has a stroke volume of 110 ml and a heart rate of 160 bpm. Calculate the cardiac output.
Model answer
The cardiac output is 17.6 litres per minute. Cardiac output = 110 ml × 160 bpm = 17,600 ml per minute.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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