What are the bronchi and the bronchioles?

The bronchi are the two tubes branching from the trachea, one into each lung. The bronchioles are smaller tubes branching from the bronchi and carrying air to the alveoli.

What are the alveoli?

The alveoli are millions of tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles. The alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs.

Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the alveoli.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli, where its concentration is high, into the blood in the capillaries. Carbon dioxide diffuses the other way, from the blood into the alveoli to be breathed out.

OCR GCSE Physical Education J587

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and functions of the skeleton Synovial joints and the movements they allow Major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs The cardiovascular system The respiratory system and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Short-term effects of exercise Long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Components of fitness Fitness tests and fitness data Collecting and presenting data Principles of training FITT and training zones Training methods Warm-ups and cool-downs Preventing injury and sports hazards

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation in physical activity and sport Participation trends in England Commercialisation, the media and sponsorship Sportsmanship, gamesmanship, deviance and violence Drugs in sport

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Skilful movement and the classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Mental preparation Types of guidance Types of feedback

Health, Fitness and Well-Being

Topic overview Health, fitness and the physical benefits of exercise Emotional and social benefits of activity Components of a balanced diet Diet, hydration and energy use

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

The respiratory system and gas exchange

3 things to know
J587/01

Overview

The pathway of air, the alveoli and gas exchange, the diaphragm and intercostals in breathing, breathing rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation with a worked example, and spirometer traces.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Trace the pathway of air from the mouth or nose to the alveoli.

Key term

Why is breathing in through the nose better than through the mouth?

Key term

What is the trachea, and how is it kept open?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Trace the pathway of air from the mouth or nose to the alveoli.
Model answer
Air enters through the mouth or nose and passes down the trachea. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which branch into bronchioles ending in the alveoli.
2
Why is breathing in through the nose better than through the mouth?
Model answer
The nose warms, moistens and filters the air before it reaches the lungs. Hairs and mucus in the nose trap dust and germs.
3
What is the trachea, and how is it kept open?
Model answer
The trachea is the windpipe carrying air from the throat towards the lungs. Rings of cartilage hold the trachea open.
4
What are the bronchi and the bronchioles?
Model answer
The bronchi are the two tubes branching from the trachea, one into each lung. The bronchioles are smaller tubes branching from the bronchi and carrying air to the alveoli.
5
What are the alveoli?
Model answer
The alveoli are millions of tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles. The alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs.
6
Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the alveoli.
Model answer
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli, where its concentration is high, into the blood in the capillaries. Carbon dioxide diffuses the other way, from the blood into the alveoli to be breathed out.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Socio-Cultural Influences

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