How are the parts arranged in a first class lever?

A first class lever has the fulcrum in the middle, between the effort and the load.

How are the parts arranged in a second class lever?

A second class lever has the load in the middle, between the fulcrum and the effort.

Explain how the ankle acts as a second class lever when a sprinter pushes off the blocks.

The fulcrum is the ball of the foot and the load is the body's weight acting through the ankle. The effort comes from the gastrocnemius pulling on the heel through the Achilles tendon.

OCR GCSE Physical Education J587

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and functions of the skeleton Synovial joints and the movements they allow Major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs The cardiovascular system The respiratory system and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Short-term effects of exercise Long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Components of fitness Fitness tests and fitness data Collecting and presenting data Principles of training FITT and training zones Training methods Warm-ups and cool-downs Preventing injury and sports hazards

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation in physical activity and sport Participation trends in England Commercialisation, the media and sponsorship Sportsmanship, gamesmanship, deviance and violence Drugs in sport

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Skilful movement and the classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Mental preparation Types of guidance Types of feedback

Health, Fitness and Well-Being

Topic overview Health, fitness and the physical benefits of exercise Emotional and social benefits of activity Components of a balanced diet Diet, hydration and energy use

Movement Analysis

Lever systems and mechanical advantage

3 things to know
J587/01

Overview

First, second and third class levers at the neck, ankle and elbow, the effort arm and resistance arm, and mechanical advantage with worked calculations.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

How does the neck work as a first class lever when a footballer tilts the head back before heading the ball?

Key term

What are the three parts of a lever system?

Key term

In a lever system in the body, what acts as the fulcrum, the lever and the effort?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What are the three parts of a lever system?
Model answer
A lever system has a fulcrum, an effort and a load. The fulcrum is the pivot, the effort is the force applied and the load is the resistance being moved.
2
In a lever system in the body, what acts as the fulcrum, the lever and the effort?
Model answer
The joint acts as the fulcrum and the bone acts as the lever. The effort comes from a contracting muscle.
3
How are the parts arranged in a first class lever?
Model answer
A first class lever has the fulcrum in the middle, between the effort and the load.
4
How does the neck work as a first class lever when a footballer tilts the head back before heading the ball?
Model answer
The fulcrum is the joint between the top of the spine and the skull. The load is the weight of the head, in front of the fulcrum. The effort comes from the neck muscles at the back.
5
How are the parts arranged in a second class lever?
Model answer
A second class lever has the load in the middle, between the fulcrum and the effort.
6
Explain how the ankle acts as a second class lever when a sprinter pushes off the blocks.
Model answer
The fulcrum is the ball of the foot and the load is the body's weight acting through the ankle. The effort comes from the gastrocnemius pulling on the heel through the Achilles tendon.

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Physical Training

Socio-Cultural Influences

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