What does the pulmonary circulation do?

The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart.

What does the systemic circulation do?

The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body and its working muscles. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart.

Describe the structure and function of arteries.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. Arteries have thick, muscular and elastic walls to withstand that pressure.

Describe the structure and function of veins.

Veins carry blood back towards the heart at low pressure. Veins have thinner walls than arteries and contain valves that stop blood flowing backwards.

Why are capillaries suited to exchanging gases with the muscles?

Capillary walls are only one cell thick, so oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through them quickly. Capillaries form a dense network close to every muscle fibre.

OCR GCSE Physical Education J587

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Bones and functions of the skeleton Synovial joints and the movements they allow Major muscle groups and antagonistic pairs The cardiovascular system The respiratory system and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Short-term effects of exercise Long-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview Lever systems and mechanical advantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Components of fitness Fitness tests and fitness data Collecting and presenting data Principles of training FITT and training zones Training methods Warm-ups and cool-downs Preventing injury and sports hazards

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation in physical activity and sport Participation trends in England Commercialisation, the media and sponsorship Sportsmanship, gamesmanship, deviance and violence Drugs in sport

Sports Psychology

Topic overview Skilful movement and the classification of skills Goal setting and SMART targets Mental preparation Types of guidance Types of feedback

Health, Fitness and Well-Being

Topic overview Health, fitness and the physical benefits of exercise Emotional and social benefits of activity Components of a balanced diet Diet, hydration and energy use

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

The cardiovascular system

3 things to know
J587/01

Overview

The double circulatory system, arteries, veins and capillaries, the route of blood through the heart and its valves, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output, and red blood cells.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Describe the route blood takes through the right side of the heart.

Key term

Describe the route blood takes through the left side of the heart.

Key term

What is meant by a double circulatory system?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is meant by a double circulatory system?
Model answer
A double circulatory system is one where blood passes through the heart twice on each complete circuit of the body. The two circuits are the pulmonary and the systemic circulation.
2
What does the pulmonary circulation do?
Model answer
The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart.
3
What does the systemic circulation do?
Model answer
The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body and its working muscles. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart.
4
Describe the structure and function of arteries.
Model answer
Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. Arteries have thick, muscular and elastic walls to withstand that pressure.
5
Describe the structure and function of veins.
Model answer
Veins carry blood back towards the heart at low pressure. Veins have thinner walls than arteries and contain valves that stop blood flowing backwards.
6
Why are capillaries suited to exchanging gases with the muscles?
Model answer
Capillary walls are only one cell thick, so oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through them quickly. Capillaries form a dense network close to every muscle fibre.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Socio-Cultural Influences

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